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  • Title: The biological denitrification coupled with chemical reduction for groundwater nitrate remediation via using SCCMs as carbon source.
    Author: Zhang W, Bai Y, Ruan X, Yin L.
    Journal: Chemosphere; 2019 Nov; 234():89-97. PubMed ID: 31203045.
    Abstract:
    Renewable additional carbon sources for groundwater denitrification, such as sustainable-releasing compound carbon source materials (SCCMs), are required. This work reports long-term groundwater denitrification with permeable reactive barriers filled with SCCMs; the coupling of biological denitrification and chemical reduction avoided the need for a continuous carbon source supply. Four 370-day lab-scale permeable reactive barrier experiments with four SCCMs showed that NO3- removal efficiency in zero-valent iron (ZVI) SCCMs was higher than in ZVI-free SCCMs. In the ZVI SCCMs, the NO3- removal reaction began quickly in the early stage, owing to ZVI chemical reduction, whereas biological denitrification was lower and incomplete with a NO2- concentration of 0.8 mg L-1 in the ZVI SCCM system. As the chemical reduction efficiency decreased, the biological denitrification efficiency increased, and the highest NO3- removal efficiency was 98.8%. Decreasing the Fe2+concentration decreased ZVI chemical reduction. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the proportion of denitrifying bacteria attached to the SCCMs was up to 34.4% at the family level, leading to the denitrification gene being predominant. Quantitative PCR indicated increased microbial metabolic activity, richer bacterial community diversity, and more bacteria. Long-term monitoring data for SCCMs will help realize the use of biological denitrification coupled with chemical reduction for groundwater NO3- remediation.
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