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  • Title: Efficacy of orally administered penicillin V for prophylaxis of experimentally induced streptococcal endocarditis.
    Author: Pujadas R, Escriva E, Jane J, Galera MC, Fava P, Garau J, Mirelis B.
    Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother; 1987 Oct; 31(10):1474-7. PubMed ID: 3124728.
    Abstract:
    Four oral penicillin V regimens were compared for the ability to prevent Streptococcus sanguis infection of experimentally induced valvular heart lesions in rabbits. Challenge doses of 10(4), 10(6), and 10(8) CFU of a penicillin-susceptible strain of S. sanguis were used in this study. Measured by recovery of test organisms from endocardial lesions, the lowest-concentration inoculum was infective for 53% of the recipients; the higher-concentration inocula were infective for all recipients. A single-oral-dose penicillin V regimen (36 mg/kg of body weight) prevented endocarditis when rabbits were challenged with 10(4) CFU, but protection diminished with increasing inoculum concentrations. In contrast, addition of a second penicillin V dose (18 mg/kg of body weight) administered with a 7-h interval between doses achieved fully effective prophylaxis against even the highest inoculum tested (10(8) CFU). A repeated set of experiments in which half the dose of penicillin V was administered showed significantly reduced protection against S. sanguis endocarditis.
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