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  • Title: The effects of H+, NH3OH+ and NH4+ on the thermal decomposition of bistetrazole N-oxide anion.
    Author: Zhao C, Chi Y, Xiong Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Fan G, Yu K.
    Journal: Phys Chem Chem Phys; 2019 Jul 10; 21(27):15215-15221. PubMed ID: 31250850.
    Abstract:
    The bistetrazole N-oxide energetic ionic salt dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) has attracted great interest as it breaks through the limitations of the traditional nitro group, high detonation velocity and moderate impact sensitivity. Reports show that TKX-50 transforms into the 5,5'-bis(2-hydroxytetrazole) (BTO) precursor, which is further decomposed and partly converted to diamino 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (ABTOX). Studying the effects of H+, NH3OH+ and NH4+ on the thermal decomposition mechanism of bistetrazole N-oxide anion would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the TKX-50 decomposition mechanism. Herein, TKX-50, BTO and ABTOX decomposition rates, on-line analysis of the gas products, as well as quantitative analysis, are presented. It was found that the presence of two H+ decreases the decomposition temperature, whereas NH3OH+ greatly increases the decomposition rate. In the presence of NH3OH+, the bistetrazole N-oxide anion completely decomposes without producing C2N2; however, NH4+ promotes the polymerization of C2N2 generated by the bistetrazole N-oxide anion, and the amount of NO produced is greater than that of N2O. Therefore, in the TKX-50 decomposition process, the bistetrazole N-oxide anion does not receive two H+ simultaneously and converts into BTO. Furthermore, the competition between cations and their decomposition products for the H+ affects the degree of decomposition, which is important in understanding the energy release mechanism.
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