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  • Title: 15- and 16-hydroxylations of androgens and estrogens in the human fetal liver: a critical step in estetrol biosynthesis.
    Author: Cantineau R, Kremers P, De Graeve J, Gielen JE, Lambotte R.
    Journal: J Steroid Biochem; 1985 Feb; 22(2):195-201. PubMed ID: 3157024.
    Abstract:
    To elucidate the main metabolic pathways which lead to the foeto-placental biosynthesis of estetrol (I), we investigated the 15 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylations of potential precursors of this estrogen in the human fetal liver. We determined the 15 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation capacity of the fetal liver for each precursor by GC-MS. The results suggest that estetrol is derived only from estradiol sulfate (II) and DHEA sulfate (III). 15 alpha-Hydroxy-androstenedione (IV) can no longer be regarded as a good precursor of estetrol. The phenolic pathway appears to be a more likely route than the neutral pathway, even when derived from DHEA sulfate.
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