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  • Title: Inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in heavy PM2.5 pollution days: Implications for public health risk assessment in northern China.
    Author: Gao P, Hu J, Song J, Chen X, Ou C, Wang H, Sha C, Hang J, Xing B.
    Journal: Environ Pollut; 2019 Dec; 255(Pt 2):113296. PubMed ID: 31600706.
    Abstract:
    Airborne (PM2.5) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm was collected from 4 types of cities in northeast China during the heating period. The objectives of this study were to assess the concentrations variation of PM2.5-bound 12 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH12), to study the influence of simulated lung fluids on bioaccessibility of PAH12 and to estimate the variation of lifetime excess cancer risk to the residents, artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble's solution were used. The number of lifetime excess cancer cases (determined by California Environmental Protection Agency method) as a result of PAH12 exposure (total concentration) was 4.00-430 (provincial central cities), 24.0-261 (energy-mining cities), 17.0-109 (forested city), and 20.0-69.0 (agricultural city) per million people, which relatively corresponded to a 92.2% and 96.2%, 92.6% and 97.3%, 92.2% and 94.2%, and 86.5% and 92.6% decrease after considering bioaccessibility following 24-h of Gamble's solution and ALF extraction, respectively. Phenanthrene (Phe), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were found to be the most bioaccessible types of PAH12 after the Gamble's solution and ALF extraction in the PM2.5 samples from all the studied cities. Based on the point-estimate approach, short-term predictions of pulmonary toxicity caused by potential inhalation of airborne PM into the pulmonary system might be overestimated if bioaccessibility of PM2.5-bound PAH12 is not fully evaluated.
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