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  • Title: Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by the Rashba Interface.
    Author: Cui B, Wu H, Li D, Razavi SA, Wu D, Wong KL, Chang M, Gao M, Zuo Y, Xi L, Wang KL.
    Journal: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces; 2019 Oct 23; 11(42):39369-39375. PubMed ID: 31603641.
    Abstract:
    Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) enable efficient electrical manipulation of the magnetization in heterostructures with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy through the Rashba effect or spin-Hall effect. However, in conventional SOT-based heterostructures, an in-plane bias magnetic field along the current direction is required for the deterministic switching. Here, we report that the field-free SOT switching can be achieved by introducing a wedged oxide interface between a heavy metal and a ferromagnet. The results demonstrate that the field-free SOT switching is determined by a current-induced perpendicular effective field (Hzeff) originating from the interfacial Rashba effect due to the lateral structural symmetry-breaking introduced by the wedged oxide layer. Furthermore, we show that the sign and magnitude of Hzeff exhibit a significant dependence on the interfacial oxygen content, which can be controlled by the inserted oxide thickness. Our findings provide a deeper insight into the field-free SOT switching by the interfacial Rashba effect.
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