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  • Title: Controllable Fabrication and Li Storage Kinetics of 1 D Spinel LiMn2 O4 Positive Materials for Li-ion Batteries: An Exploration of Critical Diameter.
    Author: Zhu C, Zhang Y, Yu X, Dong P, Duan J, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang Y.
    Journal: ChemSusChem; 2020 Feb 21; 13(4):803-810. PubMed ID: 31756020.
    Abstract:
    The morphology and size of nanoelectrode materials determine their properties. Compared to the bulk structure electrodes, 1 D electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been intensively studied owing to their excellent Li+ diffusion kinetics. It is generally accepted that smaller-sized electrode materials lead to better Li storage kinetics. In this study, this is found to not be the case in 1 D LiMn2 O4 positive materials. A facile strategy of manipulating the KMnO4 concentration is introduced to precisely fabricate 1 D LiMn2 O4 nanorods with four distinct diameter gradients from 30 to 170 nm. The role of 1 D crystal size in effecting interface chemical species and electrochemical performance is elucidated by comparative characterization methods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Ar-ion etching technology shows that the Mn2+ is electrochemically inactive on the surface of the sample, which explains the adverse effects observed on LiMn2 O4 nanorods with the minimum diameter of 30-40 nm, such as decreased discharge capacity. The LiMn2 O4 nanorod with a critical diameter of approximately 70-80 nm displays the highest discharge capacity and promising cycling performance. This work clarifies an important property that has previously been neglected and deepens the understanding for design of Mn-based positive materials.
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