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  • Title: The oral contraceptive user.
    Author: Lidegaard O, Overgaard K, Hauch O.
    Journal: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 1988; 67(1):27-31. PubMed ID: 3176910.
    Abstract:
    The use of oral contraceptives (OC) has been correlated to several diseases, primarily thromboembolic conditions. Whether these correlations represent a causal relationship or a mere statistical correlation based on other variables, depends on whether users of OC differ in other respects from women in fertile age not using OC. We interviewed 519 Danish women, 15-45 years old and selected at random, concerning present and past use of OC, age, occupation, years of schooling, marital status, income, smoking habits, urbanization, and their opinion on the postulated thrombotic risk among users of OC. The data were analysed by methods for multivariate contingency tables. Opinions on the thrombotic risk, age, smoking habits and, to a lesser degree, regarding income, were directly correlated to the oral contraceptive use. There was no direct interaction between the use of OC and the other variables. Users of OC were younger and smoked more than the non-users and were of the opinion that the use of OC implied only minor thrombotic risk, or none at all. Although numerous studies have identified an association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and thromboembolic disease, it has not been established whether this represents a causal relationship or is a result of other variables. To determine whether OC users differ from nonusers in significant ways, 519 randomly selected Danish women 15-45 years of age were surveyed about past and present OC use, age, occupation, educational status, marital status, income, urbanization, and their beliefs about the risks of OC use. 23.7% of study subjects were current OC users. OC users were significantly younger than nonusers and former users; 58% of the OC users surveyed were 15-25 years of age. There was also a significant correlation between OC use and smoking; 58% of users compared with 41% of never users were cigarette smokers. OC users tended to consider the pill to be less thrombogenic. 66% of current OC acceptors believed the pill was completely nonthrombogenic compared with 41% of ex or never-users. There was no direct interaction between OC use and the other variables examined. These 3 significant associations suggest that OC users are not entirely representative of fertile women in general. Moreover, it is possible that factors not explored in the current study (e.g., life-style and stress level) have an important impact on thromboembolic risk, regardless of OC use.
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