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  • Title: POLTERGEIST and POLTERGEIST-LIKE1 are essential for the maintenance of post-embryonic shoot and root apical meristems as revealed by a partial loss-of-function mutant allele of pll1 in Arabidopsis.
    Author: Song SK, Yun YB, Lee MM.
    Journal: Genes Genomics; 2020 Jan; 42(1):107-116. PubMed ID: 31797316.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: POLTERGEIST (POL) and POL-LIKE1 (PLL1) encoding related protein phosphatase 2Cs are essential for the establishment of both shoot and root meristems during embryogenesis. As the strong pol pll1 are seedling-lethal due to the lack of hypocotyl vasculature, the roles of POL/PLL1 for the post-embryonic development is difficult to be assessed. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a weak pol pll1 double mutant that are able to produce post-embryonic organs. METHODS: Several T-DNA insertion mutants of pll1 were crossed to pol-6 for the preparation of weak pol pll1. To understand the epistatic interactions between POL/PLL1 and CLAVATAs, the phenotypes of clvs pol pll1 were assessed and the expression patterns of stem cell markers were examined in pol pll1. POLpro:PLL1-GFP expression was examined during the embryogenesis with confocal microscopy. RESULTS: We isolated a pll1-3 (S544N) allele and prepared a weak pol-6 pll1-3. About 5% of pol-6 pll1-3 seedlings continued the post-embryonic development displaying short roots with reduced root meristem, wuschel-like adventitious phyllotaxis, and defective flowers lacking carpel. The clv1, clv2, and clv3 phenotypes led by enlarged shoot meristems were almost completely suppressed in the pol-6 pll1-3. POL/PLL1 were required for the indeterminate floral organ development displayed by agamous. PLL1-GFP asymmetrically localized in the shootward sides of columella cells and increased the size of distal root meristem region by enhancing the WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 expression suggesting that PLL1 might provide the stem cells and progenies with proper positional information for the asymmetric cell divisions. CONCLUSION: Together, POL/PLL1 are required for the maintenance of stem cell pools for the post-embryonic development in Arabidopsis.
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