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  • Title: Long-term effects on male reproductive organs of prenatal exposure to ethinyl estradiol.
    Author: Yasuda Y, Ohara I, Konishi H, Tanimura T.
    Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol; 1988 Nov; 159(5):1246-50. PubMed ID: 3189459.
    Abstract:
    The effects of oral contraceptives on human offspring have not been established. This study shows the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to ethinyl estradiol, a common estrogenic component of oral contraceptives, on the testes and epididymides of aged mice. Five (83%) of the six aged male mice examined showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, four (67%) had Leydig's cell hyperplasia, and one (17%) had precancerous changes in the epididymis. These phenomena may be results of decreases in testosterone content and its drastic conversion into estradiol-17 beta in the fetal testes at critical periods induced by ethinyl estradiol.
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