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  • Title: The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. III. Hormonal and reproductive factors in women.
    Author: Osterlind A, Tucker MA, Stone BJ, Jensen OM.
    Journal: Int J Cancer; 1988 Dec 15; 42(6):821-4. PubMed ID: 3192324.
    Abstract:
    The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma in women and reproductive and hormonal factors was investigated in a population-based case-control study including a total of 280 cases and 536 controls from East Denmark. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were not included. No association was found between risk of melanoma and age at menarche, duration of menstrual life, age at natural menopause, age at first pregnancy, or number of pregnancies, live births or miscarriages. There was no evidence of an association between melanoma and use, duration of use or type of oral contraceptives. The use of menopausal replacement therapy was not a risk factor for melanoma. There was no difference in risk associated with hormonal factors between superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma. Our findings suggest that neither reproductive nor hormonal factors increase the risk of melanoma in women in Denmark. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Denmark to assess the association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and various reproductive and hormonal variables. Previous studies have found a putative association of cutaneous melanoma and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal replacement estrogens. This study of 280 cases and 536 controls evaluated the influence of potentially confounding variables on cutaneous melanoma risk by stratified contingency table analysis. No association was found between risk of melanoma and age at menarche, duration of menstrual life, age at natural menopause, duration of menstrual life, age at natural menopause, age at 1st pregnancy, number of pregnancies, and live births or miscarriages. Surgical menopause slightly decreased the risk of melanoma, but this risk reduction was not significant. 40% of the case and 44% of the controls reported ever-use of OCs. Melanoma risk was unrelated to the duration of OC use, recency of use, age at 1st use, age at latest use, or type of OC formulation. Restriction of the analysis only to high-estrogen or low-estrogen OCs did not affect the risk estimates. Similarly, menopausal replacement therapy was not associated with melanoma risk, even when duration of use of type of hormone replacement therapy (unopposed estrogens, opposed estrogens, or progestogens) were examined. Finally, analysis by histologic subtype gave no indications of an association between either superficial spreading melanoma or nodular melanoma and any of the endogenous or exogenous hormonal variables.
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