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  • Title: Coherence of jaw and neck muscle activity during sleep bruxism.
    Author: Gouw S, Frowein A, Braem C, de Wijer A, Creugers NHJ, Pasman JW, Doorduin J, Kalaykova SI.
    Journal: J Oral Rehabil; 2020 Apr; 47(4):432-440. PubMed ID: 31926031.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown co-contraction of jaw and neck muscles in healthy subjects during (sub) maximum voluntary jaw clenching, indicating functional inter-relation between these muscles during awake bruxism. So far, coherence of jaw and neck muscles has not been evaluated during either awake or sleep bruxism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the coherence between jaw and neck muscle activity during sleep bruxism. METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational design, the electromyographic activity of jaw (masseter, temporalis) and neck (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius) muscles in individuals with "definite" sleep bruxism was measured using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG). Coherence for masseter-temporalis, masseter-sternocleidomastoid and masseter-trapezius was measured during phasic and mixed rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes using coherence-analysing software. Outcome measures were as follows: presence or absence of significant coherence per episode (in percentages), frequency of peak coherence (FPC) per episode and sleep stage. RESULTS: A total of 632 episodes within 16 PSGs of eight individuals were analysed. Significant coherence was found between the jaw and neck muscles in 84.9% of the episodes. FPCs of masseter-temporalis were significantly positively correlated with those of masseter-sternocleidomastoid or masseter-trapezius (P < .001). Sleep stages did not significantly influence coherence of these muscular couples. CONCLUSION: During sleep bruxism, jaw and neck muscle activation is significantly coherent. Coherence occurs independently of sleep stage. These results support the hypothesis of bruxism being a centrally regulated phenomenon.
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