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  • Title: Direct carotid sinus approach to treatment of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas. Case report.
    Author: Albert P, Polaina M, Trujillo F, Romero J.
    Journal: J Neurosurg; 1988 Dec; 69(6):942-4. PubMed ID: 3193201.
    Abstract:
    The authors present a patient with a complex vascular malformation composed of bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF's). The abnormality was supplied on the right side by the right external carotid artery (ECA) and the right internal carotid artery (ICA), and on the left side only by the left ICA. There was also an arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus. Surgical embolization of both cavernous sinuses with oxidized cellulose was achieved on one side by direct puncture and on the other through one of its venous affluents, successfully occluding both CCF's and preserving the patency of both ICA's without any neurological deficit. The arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus was occluded by embolization of the occipital artery and ligation of the right ECA.
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