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  • Title: Traditional and quantitative analysis of acid-base and electrolyte imbalances in horses competing in cross-country competitions at 2-star to 5-star level.
    Author: Kirsch K, Sandersen C.
    Journal: J Vet Intern Med; 2020 Mar; 34(2):909-921. PubMed ID: 31985090.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Early recognition and management of acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte disorders are crucial for the maintenance of health and performance in equine athletes. OBJECTIVES: To analyze changes in acid-base and electrolyte status associated with exercise during cross-country competitions at different levels using traditional and quantitative approaches. ANIMALS: Thirty-eight eventing horses. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Jugular venous blood samples were collected before and after the cross-country test of 25 international eventing competitions ranging from 2-star (formerly 1-star) to 5-star (formerly 4-star) level. Blood gas analysis was performed to determine pH, pCO2 , Na+ , Cl- , and K+ and calculate HCO3 - , tCO2 base excess (BEECF ), anion gap (AG), strong ion difference calculated from Na+ , K+ , Cl- , and lactate- (SID4 ), strong ion difference calculated from Na+ , K+ , and Cl- (SID3 ), strong ion gap (SIG), and total nonvolatile weak buffer concentration (Atot ). Postexercise acid-base imbalances, diagnosed on the basis of the traditional approach, and the simplified strong ion model were compared. RESULTS: Significant decreases in pH, Cl- , SID4 , pCO2 , HCO3 - , tCO2 , and BEECF as well as increases in K+ , SID3 , AG, TP, and Atot were observed between pre- and postexercise samples. The changes in acid-base parameters were significantly affected by the competition level. Using the strong ion approach, a higher proportion of horses was diagnosed with postexercise metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Regarding the complex acid-base changes in horses competing at cross-country competitions, the quantitative approach provided a more detailed analysis of the different factors contributing to acid-base balance than did the traditional approach.
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