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  • Title: [Exploration on the method of aesthetic repair of the donor sites of flaps].
    Author: Du WL, Shen YM, Hu XH, Qin FJ, Yin K.
    Journal: Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi; 2020 Feb 20; 36(2):97-105. PubMed ID: 32114726.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To explore the excellent methods for aesthetic repair of the donor sites of flaps. Methods: From January 2013 to March 2018, 120 patients (94 males and 26 females, aged from 3 to 60 years) were admitted to the Department of Burns of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Wounds areas after debridement or removing scar were ranged from 8.0 cm×3.5 cm to 24.0 cm×18.0 cm. Twenty patients with facial and neck scar were repaired with expanded flaps, including 4 scalp flaps, 8 supraclavicular flaps, 4 deltoid flaps, and 4 trapezius myocutaneous flaps. The flaps in ideal donor sites were selected to repair the wounds in 40 patients, including 20 cases of hand wounds or scars repaired with inguinal flaps, 10 children of foot skin defects or scars repaired with cross inguinal skin flap, 10 cases of knee joint wounds repaired with medial or lateral thigh flaps. The optimal flap design was used to repair wounds in 50 patients. Among the patients, wounds of 36 patients were repaired with relaying flaps, including donor sites of free anterolateral thigh flaps of 8 patients repaired with anteromedial thigh perforator flaps and donor sites of free anterolateral thigh flaps of 8 patients repaired with ilioinguinal flaps or superficial abdominal artery flaps, and donor sites of flaps of 20 patients repaired with peroneal perforator relaying flaps. Besides, wounds of 9 patients were repaired with free lobulated anterolateral thigh flaps, and wounds of 5 patients were repaired with modified V-Y propelling latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. The donor sites of flaps were repaired with allogenic acellular dermal matrix combined with autologous split-thickness skin grafts in 10 cases. The areas of the flaps or myocutaneous flaps were ranged from 6.0 cm×4.0 cm to 30.0 cm×20.0 cm. The survival of flap, myocutaneous flap, or skin graft and the repair of donor site after operation and during follow-up were observed. Results: Blood flow obstacle at 0.5 cm to the distal margin of the flap occurred in 1 patient repaired with expanded flap, which were healed after dressing change. Blood supply disorder occurred at the tip of the anteromedial thigh perforator flap of 1 patient repaired by optimal flap design, which were healed completely after second debridement and restitching. The other flaps or myocutaneous flaps survived well. The allogenic acellular dermal matrix and the autologous split-thickness skin graft survived with good color and texture. During follow-up of 3 months to 4 years, the donor sites of flaps had good appearance, only with linear scar and the function recovered well. The donor sites of skin grafts had no scar hyperplasia, only with scattered pigmentation. Conclusions: According to the characteristics of donor sites of flaps, individualized and reasonable design before the operation such as pre-expanding of the flaps, selecting the ideal donor sites, optimization of the flap design or allogenic acellular dermal matrix combined with autologous split-thickness skin graft to repair donor sites of flaps can minimize the damage for function and appearance of donor sites of flaps and achieve aesthetic effects of donor sites of flaps. 目的： 探讨供瓣区较佳的美学修复方法。 方法： 2013年1月—2018年3月，北京积水潭医院烧伤科收治120例患者，其中男94例、女26例，年龄3～60岁，清创后创面面积或瘢痕切除后创面面积为8.0 cm×3.5 cm～24.0 cm×18.0 cm。20例患者面颈部瘢痕采用扩张皮瓣修复，其中头皮瓣4例、锁骨上皮瓣8例、胸三角皮瓣4例、斜方肌肌皮瓣4例。选择理想供瓣区皮瓣修复40例患者创面，其中采用腹股沟皮瓣修复手部创面或瘢痕20例，交腹股沟皮瓣修复儿童足部皮肤缺损或瘢痕10例，大腿内、外侧皮瓣修复膝关节创面10例。采用优化皮瓣设计方法修复50例患者创面，其中接力皮瓣36例，包括股前内侧穿支皮瓣修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区8例，髂腹股沟皮瓣或腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区8例及腓动脉穿支接力皮瓣修复供瓣区20例；股前外侧游离分叶皮瓣修复9例；改良V-Y推进背阔肌肌皮瓣修复5例。异体脱细胞真皮基质联合自体刃厚皮修复10例患者供瓣区。皮瓣或肌皮瓣面积为6.0 cm×4.0 cm～30.0 cm×20.0 cm。观察术后及随访时皮瓣、肌皮瓣及皮片成活情况，供瓣区修复情况。 结果： 本组患者中1例采用扩张皮瓣修复患者皮瓣远端皮缘0.5 cm出现回流障碍，经换药愈合；1例采用优化皮瓣设计方法修复患者的股前内侧穿支皮瓣尖端血运障碍，经二次手术清创、重新缝合后完全愈合；其余皮瓣或肌皮瓣均存活良好。术后异体脱细胞真皮基质及自体刃厚皮成活，颜色及质地良好。随访3个月～4年，供瓣区外观良好，仅有线性瘢痕，功能恢复良好；供皮区无瘢痕增生，仅有散在色素沉着。 结论： 根据各种供瓣区的特点，术前进行个性化设计，通过皮瓣预扩张、选择理想供瓣区、优化皮瓣设计或采用异体脱细胞真皮基质联合自体刃厚皮修复供瓣区，在修复目标区域的同时，将供瓣区的功能及外观损伤降到最低，从而实现供瓣区美容修复。.
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