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  • Title: Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Tm:CALGO with depressed-index cladding.
    Author: Llamas V, Loiko P, Kifle E, Romero C, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Pan Z, Serres JM, Yuan H, Dai X, Cai H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zakharov V, Veniaminov A, Thouroude R, Laroche M, Gilles H, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Griebner U, Petrov V, Camy P, Mateos X.
    Journal: Opt Express; 2020 Feb 03; 28(3):3528-3540. PubMed ID: 32122019.
    Abstract:
    Depressed-index buried and surface channel waveguides (type III) are produced in a bulk 3.5 at.% Tm3+:CALGO crystal by femtosecond direct-laser-writing at kHz repetition rate. The waveguides are characterized by confocal microscopy and µ-Raman spectroscopy. Under in-band-pumping at 1679 nm (3H63F4 transition) by a Raman fiber laser, the buried channel waveguide laser with a circular cladding (diameter: 60 µm) generated a continuous-wave output power of 0.81 W at 1866-1947 nm with a slope efficiency of 71.2% (versus the absorbed pump power) and showed a laser threshold of 200 mW. The waveguide propagation losses were as low as 0.3 ± 0.2 dB/cm. The laser performance under in-band pumping was superior compared pumping at ∼800 nm (3H63H4 transition), i.e., the convetional pump wavelength. Vibronic laser emission from the WG laser above 2 µm is also achieved. The low-loss behavior, the broadband emission properties and good power scaling capabilities indicate the suitability of Tm3+:CALGO waveguides for mode-locked laser operation at ∼2 µm.
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