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  • Title: Development and inclusion of an entrustable professional activity (EPA) scale in a simulation-based medicine dispensing assessment.
    Author: Croft H, Gilligan C, Rasiah R, Levett-Jones T, Schneider J.
    Journal: Curr Pharm Teach Learn; 2020 Feb; 12(2):203-212. PubMed ID: 32147163.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Effective, safe, and patient-centred dispensing is a core task of community pharmacists. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) offer a way of defining and assessing these daily practice activities. Although EPAs have become popular within competency-based medical education programs, their use is new to pharmacy education and assessment. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: A simulation-based assessment framework containing a scale of entrustment was developed to evaluate the readiness of Year 4 undergraduate pharmacy students to safely manage the supply of prescribed medicine(s) in a community pharmacy. The assessment framework was piloted in a fourth year "Transition to Practice" course with 28 simulation-based assessments conducted. FINDINGS: An entrustment framework was developed and implemented successfully with Year 4 undergraduate pharmacy students. The EPA for medicine dispensing integrates competency domains that include information gathering, providing patient-centred care, clinical reasoning, medicine dispensing, and professional communications. On a scale ranging from level 1 to level 5, the majority (73%) of entrustment ratings were level 2 or level 3; and of the students who achieved different ratings between clinical scenarios, 75% of students improved on their second simulation attempt. There was a strong correlation between the global EPA ratings with the total score achieved across the domains. SUMMARY: Using simulation-based assessment, entrustment decision making can be incorporated in "entry to profession" undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy courses to assess students' readiness to transition between learning and professional practice.
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