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  • Title: The potential impact of AIDS on the tuberculosis situation in developed and developing countries.
    Author: Styblo K.
    Journal: Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis; 1988 Jun; 63(2):25-8. PubMed ID: 3224202.
    Abstract:
    This is a general discussion of the interrelationships between tuberculosis and AIDS in both developing countries. Breakdown with active tuberculosis is more likely in AIDS patients because of the virulence of mycobacterium as well as loss of cell-mediated immunity. A review of the prevalence of AIDS worldwide as reported to WHO in 1987 is presented. One key difference between the 2 diseases is that HIV- infected persons are infectious for long periods of time, and while the breakdown rate of tuberculosis decreases with time, progression to AIDS increases with time. In developed countries such as Netherlands, the prevalence of tuberculosis has fallen in recent decades from 20% in 1954 to 0.5% in 1987. Infection prevalence decreases with age in developed countries so that young adults have a very low rate. In developing countries, especially Africa, high proportions of young adults have been infected with tuberculosis and are still exposed to substantial risk of primary or reinfection. Although it appears likely that the number of tuberculosis cases will increase in countries with a major AIDS problem, AIDS will cause a shorter infectious period than usual. The Tanzanian National Tuberculosis/Leprosy Programme reports that 12,000 new cases appear annually, 7000 smear-positive. Related problems include replacing the antibiotic streptomycin, lack of sterilization facilities, inappropriate use of BCG vaccine in the AIDS epidemic, and added risks for health workers of tuberculosis combined with AIDS in Africa.
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