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  • Title: IFN-γ and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Northwest Iran.
    Author: Asgharzadeh M, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Poor BM, Asgharzadeh V, Pourostadi M, Vegari A, Kafil HS, Fadaee M, Farhoudi M, Rashedi J.
    Journal: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets; 2021; 21(3):520-525. PubMed ID: 32368988.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Cytokines are polypeptides that play critical roles in immune responses. Gene polymorphisms occurring in the inflammatory cytokines are taking a role in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), which may induce inappropriate immune responses. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of interferon gamma gene (IFN-γ) at +874A/T locus and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) at+308A/G locus in MS patients of Azeri population. METHODS: At first, a questionnaire was prepared for each of 240 healthy, non-relative, and 152 Azeri MS patients before obtaining the blood sample from all subjects. After DNA extraction, the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the IFN-γ and TNF-α genes at +874A/T and -308G/A loci, respectively, were determined by allele-specific PCR method. Finally, the frequencies were compared between control and MS patients by chi-square test (x2-test) and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: In the IFN-γ +874A/T gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the most allelic and genotypic frequencies in MS patients were the A allele, 55.26% (p=0.04) and the AT genotype, 52.63% (p=0.048). In healthy individuals, it was 65.42% for the A allele and 45.42% for the AA genotype. For the TNF-α 308 G/A SNP, the highest allelic and genotypic frequencies in MS patients were the G allele with 55.92% (p<0.001) and AG genotype with 61.84%, and in healthy subjects, the allelic and genotypic frequencies were 84.2% and 70.8% for the G allele and GG genotype, respectively. CONCLUSION: Head trauma, the infection with the herpes virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia, frequent colds and high consumption of canned foods provide grounds for MS. The T allele in the IFN-γ gene (+874) and the genotypes of AA and AG at the TNF-α gene (-308) at the position-308 were considered as potential risk factors for MS. Therefore, the polymorphisms in cytokine genes and following changes in their expression levels can be effective in susceptibility to MS.
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