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  • Title: Ex-vivo Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Common Anti-malarial Drugs: The Case of Kéniéroba, a Malaria Endemic Village in Mali.
    Author: Traoré K, Diakité SAS, Bah S, Konaté DS, Dabitao D, Sanogo I, Sangaré M, Dama S, Keita B, Doumbouya M, Guindo MA, Doumbia S, Diakité M.
    Journal: Drugs R D; 2020 Sep; 20(3):249-255. PubMed ID: 32557086.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: In 2006, the National Malaria Control Program in Mali recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Since the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy, few reports are available on the level of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the most common anti-malarial drugs in Mali. METHODS: From 2016 to 2017, we assessed the ex-vivo drug sensitivity of P. falciparum isolates in Kéniéroba, a village located in a rural area of southern Mali. We collected P. falciparum isolates from malaria-infected children living in Kéniéroba. The isolates were tested for ex-vivo sensitivity to commonly used anti-malarial drugs, namely chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. We used the 50% inhibitory concentration determination method, which is based on the incorporation of SYBR® Green into the parasite's genetic material. RESULTS: Plasmodium falciparum isolates were found to have a reduced ex-vivo sensitivity to quinine (25.7%), chloroquine (12.2%), amodiaquine (2.7%), and mefloquine (1.3%). In contrast, the isolates were 100% sensitive to lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. A statistically significant correlation was found between 50% inhibitory concentration values of quinine and amodiaquine (r = 0.80; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasmodium falciparum isolates were highly sensitive to dihydroartermisinin, lumefantrine, and piperaquine and less sensitive to amodiaquine (n = 2), mefloquine (n = 1), and quinine (n = 19). Therefore, our data support the previously reported increasing trend in chloroquine sensitivity in Mali.
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