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  • Title: Intraventricular carbachol mimics the effects of light on the circadian rhythm in the rat pineal gland.
    Author: Zatz M, Brownstein MJ.
    Journal: Science; 1979 Jan 26; 203(4378):358-61. PubMed ID: 32619.
    Abstract:
    Environmental lighting regulates numerous circadian rhythms, including the cycle in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity. Brief exposure of rats to light can shift the phase of this enzyme's circadian rhythm. Light also rapidly reduces nocturnal enzyme activity. Intraventricular injections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, can mimic both of these effects. Light and carbachol presumably act on the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using a neuropharmacologic approach to the mechanisms underlying mammalian circadian rhythms.
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