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  • Title: Nanoparticle-Based Estrogen Delivery to Spinal Cord Injury Site Reduces Local Parenchymal Destruction and Improves Functional Recovery.
    Author: Cox A, Capone M, Matzelle D, Vertegel A, Bredikhin M, Varma A, Haque A, Shields DC, Banik NL.
    Journal: J Neurotrauma; 2021 Feb; 38(3):342-352. PubMed ID: 32680442.
    Abstract:
    Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients sustain significant functional impairments; this is causally related to restricted neuronal regeneration after injury. The ensuing reactive gliosis, inflammatory cascade, and glial scar formation impede axonal regrowth. Although systemic anti-inflammatory agents (steroids) have been previously administered to counteract this, no current therapeutic is approved for post-injury neuronal regeneration, in part because of related side effects. Likewise, therapeutic systemic estrogen levels exhibit neuroprotective properties, but dose-dependent side effects are prohibitive. The current study thus uses low-dose estrogen delivery to the spinal cord injury (SCI) site using an agarose gel patch embedded with estrogen-loaded nanoparticles. Compared to controls, spinal cords from rodents treated with nanoparticle site-directed estrogen demonstrated significantly decreased post-injury lesion size, reactive gliosis, and glial scar formation. However, axonal regeneration, vascular endothelial growth factor production, and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor levels were increased with estrogen administration. Concomitantly improved locomotor and bladder functional recovery were observed with estrogen administration after injury. Therefore, low-dose site-directed estrogen may provide a future approach for enhanced neuronal repair and functional recovery in SCI patients.
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