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  • Title: Target and nontarget actions of phenthoate and carbofuran: brain acetylcholinesterase, kidney iodide peroxidase, and blood thyroxine profiles in Channa punctatus.
    Author: Guhathakurta S, Bhattacharya S.
    Journal: Biomed Environ Sci; 1988 Jun; 1(1):59-63. PubMed ID: 3268109.
    Abstract:
    Phenthoate- and carbofuran-containing insecticides are widely used by Indian farmers, thus endangering fish by exposing them to the hazards of a chronic low dose of these xenobiotics. Channa punctatus, cultivated under paddy-cum-fish culture programs, was treated with 176 ppb phenthoate, 333 ppb carbofuran, or a mixture of 88 ppb phenthoate plus 250 ppb carbofuran for 15 days. The rate of mortality was 10% in all treatments. These xenobiotics caused significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase concomitant with low kidney iodide peroxidase activity and depressed blood thyroxine levels. It is surmised that phenthoate and carbofuran compounds are capable of significantly influencing the hormonal status of fish which is mediated via their target action on the nervous system.
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