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  • Title: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and All-Cause Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations Among Preterm Infants Using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS).
    Author: Fergie J, Suh M, Jiang X, Fryzek JP, Gonzales T.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 2022 Apr 01; 225(7):1197-1204. PubMed ID: 32691037.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics stopped recommending palivizumab to otherwise healthy 29-34 weeks' gestational age (wGA) infants aged <12 months at respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season start. Here, we compare the burden of RSV hospitalizations (RSVH) and all-cause bronchiolitis hospitalizations (BH) before and after 2014 among otherwise healthy 29-34 wGA infants hospitalized at ≤6 months of age. METHODS: A historical, observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate RSVH and BH in 29-34 wGA infants during the 2010-2017 RSV seasons using encounter data from 51 United States children's hospitals that comprise the Pediatric Health Information System. RESULTS: The overall cohort included 67 570 RSVH out of 96 281 patients with BH. wGA was known for 22 937 RSVH and 33 289 BH. For 29-34 wGA infants, there were 8.7% and 14.2% RSVH before and after 2014, respectively (P < .0001). Intensive care unit admissions increased for RSVH (from 54.5% to 64.2%; P = .0002) and BH (from 46.7% to 54.5%; P = .0005) after controlling for sex, race, comorbidity, and cluster. The total cost of care increased for RSVH from $37 million to nearly $60 million. CONCLUSIONS: RSVH, BH, and their severity increased among 29-34 wGA infants in the 3 RSV seasons following 2014.
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