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  • Title: Assessing Anorectal Function in Constipation and Fecal Incontinence.
    Author: Jiang AC, Panara A, Yan Y, Rao SSC.
    Journal: Gastroenterol Clin North Am; 2020 Sep; 49(3):589-606. PubMed ID: 32718572.
    Abstract:
    Constipation and fecal incontinence are commonly encountered complaints in the gastrointestinal clinic. Assessment of anorectal function includes comprehensive history, rectal examination, and prospective stool diary or electronic App diary that accurately captures bowel symptoms, evaluation of severity, and quality of life of measure. Evaluation of a suspected patient with dyssynergic constipation includes anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion test, and defecography. Investigation of a suspected patient with fecal incontinence includes high-resolution anorectal manometry; anal ultrasound or MRI; and neurophysiology tests, such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation or pudendal nerve latency. This article provides an approach to the assessment of anorectal function.
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