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Title: [Observation and analysis of systemic reactions to house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy in 362 patients with allergic rhinitis].
Author: Xue JR, Ma J, Qiu CY, Hu ZB, Jiang X, Pan M, Lu MP, Cheng L.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2020 May 07; 55(5):445-451. PubMed ID: 32842357.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the frequency and severity of systemic reactions (SRs) to standardized house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR), and to analyze the clinical risk factors. Methods: The clinical data of 362 patients including 209 males and 153 females, aged from 5 to 55 years old receiving SCIT at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou were collected from May 2014 to July 2017. The SRs were classified as early-onset and delayed-onset, and 4 grades (grade Ⅰ to Ⅳ) to assess severity. The records of SRs were retrospectively analyzed, including the numbers/frequencies, symptoms and signs, onset of reaction and treatment. And the relationships between SRs and patient's age, gender, allergen injection dose, accompanied allergic diseases were explored. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. Results: There were 57 cases (15.75%) of SRs in 362 patients. All the patients received a total of 12 308 injections and 111 SRs (0.90%) were observed. Among them, 31 (27.93%) were early-onset reactions and 80 (72.07%) were delayed-onset reactions; most of the SRs were grade Ⅰ reactions (n=83, 74.78%), followed by grade Ⅱ (n=25, 22.52%), grade Ⅲ (n=3, 2.70%), and no fatal reactions occurred. The incidence of SRs in patients>14 years old was higher than that in patients ≤14 years old according to the number of cases and injections (35.14% vs 13.54%, 2.34% vs 0.76%, χ(2) value was 11.679, 28.162, respectively, all P<0.05), but no significant differences of SRs were observed in gender (18.66% vs 11.76%, 5.98% vs 5.62%, χ(2) value was 3.166, 0.095, respectively, all P>0.05). Fifteen SRs (13.51%) occurred during the build-up phase and 96 (86.49%) during the maintenance phases. SRs could occur in lots of dose phases, and 95 (85.59%) were distributed at high concentrations more than 40 000 SQ-U. The incidence of SRs in patients with multiple allergic diseases was significantly higher than that in patients with AR alone, with asthma or atopic dermatitis (30.67% vs 11.85%, χ(2)=15.875, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the incidence of SRs in patients with pure AR was also significantly lower than that in patients with other allergic diseases (5.26% vs 20.56%, χ(2)=13.783, P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of SRs is less than 1% according to the injection times, the severity of SRs is mostly slight, and the safety and tolerance are good during standardized house dust mite SCIT in perennial AR patients. Delayed-onset SRs are more common. The incidence of SRs is significantly correlated with age, high dose of allergen vaccine injection, and concomitant other allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc). 目的： 观察常年性变应性鼻炎（AR）患者采用标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂行皮下免疫治疗（SCIT）时发生全身不良反应（SRs）的频率及严重程度，分析探讨临床相关因素。 方法： 采集2014年5月至2017年7月在常州市第三人民医院耳鼻咽喉科AR专病门诊进行SCIT的362例尘螨过敏患者资料，男性209例，女性153例，年龄5~55岁。对出现SRs的记录按评定标准分为速发性和迟发性，根据分级标准将SRs分为4级（Ⅰ~Ⅳ级）。分析发生SRs的例数/次数、患者症状体征、发生时间及治疗处理等，并探讨SRs与患者年龄、性别、变应原注射剂量以及合并变应性疾病种类等的关系。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析。 结果： 362例AR患者中57例（15.75%）出现SRs。所有患者共接受12 308针次皮下注射，111次（0.90%）发生SRs，其中速发性31次（27.93%），迟发性80次（72.07%）；Ⅰ级83次（74.78%），Ⅱ级25次（22.52%），Ⅲ级3次（2.70%），无Ⅳ级反应。分别以病例数和注射针次统计，>14岁患者SRs发生率均明显高于≤14岁患者（35.14%比13.54%，2.34%比0.76%，χ(2)值分别为11.679、28.162，P值均<0.05），而在男女性别方面差异均无统计学意义（18.66%比11.76%，5.98%比5.62%，χ(2)值分别为3.166、0.095，P值均>0.05）。SRs发生于起始治疗时15次（13.51%），发生于维持治疗时96次（86.49%）；在大多数剂量阶段均可发生SRs，常见于40 000 SQ-U以上的高剂量阶段（85.59%，95/111）。合并多种变应性疾病患者的SRs发生率明显高于单纯AR及仅合并哮喘或特应性皮炎的患者（30.67%比11.85%，χ(2)=15.875，P<0.001），且单纯AR患者的SRs发生率亦明显低于合并其他变应性疾病的患者（5.26%比20.56%，χ(2)=13.783，P<0.001）。 结论： 尘螨过敏的常年性AR患者应用标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂行SCIT过程中，按注射针次统计SRs的发生率不到1%，严重程度多为轻微，总体安全性和耐受性良好。迟发性SRs较多见。SRs发生率与患者年龄、注射高剂量变应原以及AR合并其他变应性疾病（哮喘、特应性皮炎等）有明显关系。.

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