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  • Title: [Effects of early supplement of exogenous L-carnitine on renal function in severely scalded rats].
    Author: Tian XX, Kong WC, Li PT, Xia ZG, Xu JG, Xu QL.
    Journal: Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi; 2020 Jul 20; 36(7):553-559. PubMed ID: 32842402.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To explore the effects of early exogenous L-carnitine supplementation on renal function in severely scalded rats. Methods: According to the random number table, sixty-six adult female Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into healthy control group (n=6), scald alone group (n=30), and scald+ carnitine group (n=30). In the latter two groups, the rats were inflicted with full-thickness scald of 30% total body surface area on the back, and the lactated Ringer's solution was injected through the tail vein for resuscitation immediately after scald. At post injury hour (PIH) 1, rats in scald+ carnitine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/mL L-carnitine solution 400 mg/kg, while rats in scald alone group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. Rats in these two groups were injected once every 24 hours thereafter. Six rats were taken from each of scald alone group and scald+ carnitine group to collect the renal tissue and abdominal aorta blood at PIH 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72, respectively. The serum content of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C were determined by the automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe histopathological changes. Rats in healthy control group did not undergo any treatment, and their renal tissue and blood sample were extracted and analyzed in the same way as those of severely scalded rats. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method. Results: (1) The serum content of total protein and albumin of rats in scald alone group at each time point after injury was significantly lower than that in healthy control group (P<0.05). The serum content of total protein of rats in scald+ carnitine group was significantly higher than that in scald alone group at PIH 12 and 24 (P<0.05), and the serum content of albumin of rats in scald+ carnitine group was significantly higher than that in scald alone group at PIH 12 (P<0.05). The serum content of total protein and albumin of rats in scald alone group and scald+ carnitine group showed a trend of decrease followed by an increase, with the lowest value at PIH 24. (2) The serum content of urea nitrogen and creatinine of rats in scald alone group at each time point after injury was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (P<0.05). The serum content of urea nitrogen of rats in scald+ carnitine group was significantly lower than that in scald alone group at PIH 6, 48, and 72 (P<0.05). The serum content of creatinine of rats in scald+ carnitine group was significantly lower than that in scald alone group at PIH 12, 24, 48, and 72 (P<0.05). The serum content of urea nitrogen and creatinine of rats in scald alone group and scald+ carnitine group showed a trend of increase followed by a decrease, with the peak value at PIH 12. (3) The serum content of cystatin C of rats in scald alone group at PIH 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 was (0.250±0.030), (0.330±0.070), (0.300±0.060), (0.240±0.060), and (0.190±0.030) mg/L, and the content at the first 4 time points were significantly higher than (0.170±0.020) mg/L of healthy control group (P<0.05). At PIH 24, the serum content of cystatin C of rats in scald+ carnitine group was (0.210±0.040) mg/L, which was significantly lower than that of scald alone group (P<0.05). The serum content of cystatin C of rats in scald alone group and scald+ carnitine group showed a trend of increase followed by a decrease, with the peak value at PIH 12. (4) The renal tissue of rats in healthy control group was almost normal, and the degree of renal tissue injury of rats in scald+ carnitine group was lighter than that in scald alone group at each time point after injury. At PIH 24, the renal tissue of rats in scald alone group showed extensive swelling of the renal tubular epithelial cells, vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, loss of brush borders, and nuclear shrinkage; more than 2/3 of the renal tubular cell nuclei disappeared, the tubular lumen was narrowed, necrotic exfoliated cells could be seen in the lumen, and edema and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in the renal interstitial. Compared with those of scald alone group, significantly reduced severity of edema and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as less inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the renal tissue of rats in scald+ carnitine group. Conclusions: Early supplement of L-carnitine in severely scalded rats can reduce the damage of renal cells, accelerate the restoration of the content of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C, thereby maintaining the stability of renal function metabolism level. 目的： 探讨严重烫伤大鼠早期补充外源性左旋肉碱对其肾功能的影响。 方法： 按照随机数字表法，将66只成年雌性SD大鼠分为健康对照组6只、单纯烫伤组30只、烫伤＋肉碱组30只。后2组大鼠背部制成30%体表总面积Ⅲ度烫伤，伤后立即经尾静脉注射乳酸林格液进行复苏。伤后1 h，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠腹腔注射100 mg/mL左旋肉碱溶液400 mg/kg，单纯烫伤组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水，之后2组均每隔24小时注射1次。分别于伤后6、12、24、48、72 h，取单纯烫伤组和烫伤＋肉碱组中各6只大鼠，采集腹主动脉血，使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、胱抑素C含量；取肾组织，行苏木精-伊红染色，观察组织病理学变化。健康对照组大鼠不进行任何处理，同严重烫伤大鼠取材进行相关检测。对数据行单因素方差分析以及Bonferroni法。 结果： (1)单纯烫伤组大鼠伤后各时间点血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量均明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05)；与单纯烫伤组比较，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠血清总蛋白含量于伤后12、24 h明显升高(P<0.05)，血清白蛋白含量于伤后12 h明显升高(P<0.05)。单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量均呈现先降低后升高的趋势，于伤后24 h达最低值。(2)单纯烫伤组大鼠伤后各时间点血清尿素氮、肌酐含量均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)；与单纯烫伤组比较，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠血清尿素氮含量于伤后6、48、72 h明显降低(P<0.05)，血清肌酐含量于伤后12、24、48、72 h明显降低(P<0.05)。单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠血清尿素氮、肌酐含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，于伤后12 h达峰值。(3)单纯烫伤组大鼠伤后6、12、24、48、72 h血清胱抑素C含量分别为(0.250±0.030)、(0.330±0.070)、(0.300±0.060)、(0.240±0.060)、(0.190±0.030)mg/L，前4个时间点含量明显高于健康对照组的(0.170±0.020)mg/L(P<0.05)。伤后24 h，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠的血清胱抑素C含量为(0.210±0.040)mg/L，明显低于单纯烫伤组(P<0.05)。单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠血清胱抑素C含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，于伤后12 h达峰值。(4)健康对照组大鼠肾组织基本正常，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠伤后各时间点肾组织损伤程度均较单纯烫伤组轻。伤后24 h，单纯烫伤组大鼠肾组织可见肾小管上皮细胞出现大面积肿胀、空泡变性及坏死、刷状缘丢失、核固缩，有超过2/3的肾小管细胞核消失，肾小管管腔狭窄，管腔内可见坏死脱落细胞及蛋白管型，肾间质可见水肿及炎性细胞浸润；与单纯烫伤组比较，烫伤＋肉碱组大鼠肾组织肾小管上皮细胞水肿、坏死明显减轻，管型和炎性细胞浸润较少。 结论： 严重烫伤大鼠早期补充外源性左旋肉碱，可以减轻肾脏细胞的损伤，并使总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、胱抑素C含量更快恢复到正常水平，进而维持肾功能代谢水平的稳定。.
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