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  • Title: [Clinical effects of single pedicle transfer of expanded axial flap across the midline of the frontal-parietal region in reconstruction of large scar deformities in the face and neck].
    Author: Xia CD, Xue JD, Di HP, Cao DY, Han DW, Xie JF, Guo HN, Xing PP, Ma XJ.
    Journal: Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi; 2020 Sep 20; 36(9):838-844. PubMed ID: 32972069.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To explore the clinical effects of single pedicle transfer of expanded axial flap across the midline of the frontal-parietal region in reconstruction of large scar deformities in the face and neck. Methods: From January 2016 to August 2019, 10 male patients, aged from 20 to 52 years with post-burn facial and cervical scar deformities, were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, with the size of scar ranging from 15 cm×7 cm to 23 cm×11 cm. In the first stage, a cylindrical skin and soft tissue expander with rated capacity ranging from 400 to 600 mL was placed in the frontal-parietal region. Another cylindrical expander with rated capacity ranging from 50 to 100 mL was placed in the temporal region of the patient with scars in front of the ear and in cheek. The injection time was 3 to 5 months with the total injection volume being 1.5 to 2.5 times of the rated capacity of expander. In the second stage, the superficial temporal artery frontal branch and its branches were explored, the expander was removed, the scars in the face and neck were conducted resection and contracture relaxation, and the single pedicle transfer of expanded axial flap across the midline of the frontal-parietal region for reconstruction was performed. When the branches of the superficial temporal vessels were difficult to be detected by Doppler ultrasonic blood stream detector, the patient underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction. The donor site in frontal-parietal region was directly sutured, and the wound of the exposed donor site at the pedicle and temporal region was temporarily covered with scar skin. After the suture wound was healed and the hair in expanded flap grew out, hair removal and laser hair removal were performed. Three to four weeks after transplantation of expanded flap, the flap pedicle was cut off, restored, and trimmed in the third stage. The status about the completion of operation, the implantation of expander in the temporal region, CT angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction were recorded. The effective resection area of expanded flap, the length across the midline and the length of the pedicle, and the survival status of the expanded flap and complications after operation were observed. The appearance of donor and recipient sites, the scar recurrence, the appearance and function improvement of patients, and the satisfaction degree of patients were followed up. Results: All the 10 patients successfully completed three stages of operation, of which 6 patients had an auxiliary expander placement in the temporal region, and 5 patients underwent CT angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction. The effective resection area of expanded flap ranged from 18 cm×8 cm to 25 cm×13 cm. The distal end of the flap across the midline extended 4-6 cm to the opposite side, and the length of pedicle was 2-6 cm. All the expanded flaps of patients survived well after formation and transfer. The venous reflux disorder and obvious swelling occurred in 6 patients at the distal end of the flap after operation, and the blood supply recovered after acupuncture bloodletting, etc. Follow-up of 6 to 24 months showed that the color, texture, and thickness of the expanded flaps were similar to those of the facial skin, and no recurrence of scar was observed; the incision in the donor site of the frontal-parietal region was concealed, the hair growth of the temples and head was normal, and the reconstructed hairline was natural; compared with those before operation, the appearance, head-up, mouth-opening, and other functions of patients were significantly improved; the patients were satisfied with the effect of reconstruction. Conclusions: Clinical application of single pedicle transfer of expanded axial flap across the midline of the frontal-parietal region in reconstruction of large scar deformities in the face and neck can achieve a good appearance and function, and the donor site shows good shape, which enriches the application range of the trans-regional blood supply flap. It is a reliable method for reconstruction of large scar deformities in the face and neck. 目的： 探讨额顶部跨中线轴型扩张皮瓣单蒂转移整复面颈部大面积瘢痕畸形的临床效果。 方法： 2016年1月—2019年8月，郑州市第一人民医院收治10例面颈部深度烧伤后瘢痕畸形的男性患者，年龄20～52岁，瘢痕面积15 cm×7 cm～23 cm×11 cm。Ⅰ期于额顶部置入1个额定容积为400～600 mL圆柱形皮肤软组织扩张器(下称扩张器)，耳前、面颊部有瘢痕者另在颞侧埋置1个额定容积为50～100 mL圆柱形扩张器，注水3～5个月，总注水量为扩张器额定容积的1.5～2.5倍。Ⅱ期行颞浅动脉额支及其分支探查、扩张器取出、面颈部瘢痕切除及挛缩松解、额顶部跨中线轴型扩张皮瓣单蒂转移整复，颞浅血管分支不易被多普勒超声血流探测仪探测者进行CT血管造影及三维重建，额顶部供瓣区直接拉拢缝合，蒂部及颞部供瓣区裸露创面暂时用瘢痕皮肤覆盖。待缝合口愈合、扩张皮瓣毛发长出后，行毛发拔除及激光脱毛处理。扩张皮瓣移植术后3～4周，行Ⅲ期扩张皮瓣断蒂、蒂部修整复位。统计手术完成情况、颞侧扩张器置入情况、行CT血管造影和三维重建的情况；观察扩张皮瓣切取有效面积、跨头部正中线的长度及蒂长，术后扩张皮瓣成活与并发症情况；随访供受区外观、瘢痕复发情况、患者容貌和功能改善情况、患者满意度。 结果： 本组10例患者均顺利完成3期手术，其中6例患者在颞部置入辅助扩张器，5例患者行CT血管造影及三维重建。扩张皮瓣切取有效面积为18 cm×8 cm～25 cm×13 cm，皮瓣远端跨头部正中线向对侧延长4～6 cm，蒂长2～6 cm。所有患者扩张皮瓣形成转移后全部成活，其中6例患者术后皮瓣远端出现静脉回流不畅、肿胀明显，经针刺放血等处理后血运恢复。随访6～24个月，扩张皮瓣色泽、质地和厚度与面部皮肤基本一致，未见瘢痕复发；额顶部供瓣区切口隐蔽，鬓角及头部毛发生长正常，重建发际线自然；患者容貌及抬头、张口等功能较术前明显改善；患者对整复效果满意。 结论： 临床应用额顶部跨中线轴型扩张皮瓣单蒂转移整复面颈部大面积瘢痕畸形能够获得良好的外形和功能，供区形态完好，丰富了跨区供血皮瓣的应用范围，是面颈部大面积瘢痕畸形的一种可靠整复方法。.
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