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  • Title: Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in HCQ Retinopathy.
    Author: Greenstein VC, Lima de Carvalho JR, Parmann R, Amaro-Quireza L, Lee W, Hood DC, Tsang SH, Sparrow JR.
    Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci; 2020 Sep 01; 61(11):41. PubMed ID: 32976563.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy, analyses by quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-AF) were compared to results obtained by recommended screening tests. METHODS: Thirty-one patients (28 females, 3 males) were evaluated with standard automated perimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT); 28 also had multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Measurement of short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) by qAF involved the use of an internal fluorescent reference and intensity measurements in eight concentric segments at 7° to 9° eccentricity. For semiquantitative analysis of NIR-AF, intensities were acquired along a vertical axis through the fovea. RESULTS: Four of 15 high-dose (total dose >1000 g, daily dose >5.0 mg/kg) patients and one of 16 low-dose (total dose <1000 g, daily dose 4.4 mg/kg) patients were diagnosed with HCQ-associated retinopathy based on abnormal 10-2 visual fields, SD-OCT, and SW-AF imaging. Three of the high-dose patients also had abnormal mfERG results. Of the five patients exhibiting retinopathy, two had qAF color-coded images revealing higher intensities inferior, nasal, and lateral to the fovea. The abnormal visual fields also exhibited superior-inferior differences. Mean NIR-AF gray-level intensities were increased in four high-dose patients with no evidence of retinopathy. In two patients with retinopathy, NIR-AF intensity within the parafovea was below the normal range. One high-dose patient (6.25 mg/kg) had only abnormal mfERG results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that screening for HCQ retinopathy should take into consideration superior-inferior differences in susceptibility to HCQ retinopathy.
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