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  • Title: Oxygen availability affects exercise capacity, but not neuromuscular fatigue characteristics of knee extensors, during exhaustive intermittent cycling.
    Author: Girard O, Buchheit M, Goodall S, Racinais S.
    Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol; 2021 Jan; 121(1):95-107. PubMed ID: 32995960.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different hypoxia severities on exercise capacity, cardio-respiratory, tissue oxygenation and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics in response to exhaustive intermittent cycling. METHODS: Eleven well-trained cyclists, repeated supra-maximal cycling efforts of 15 s (30% of anaerobic power reserve, 609 ± 23 W), interspersed with 45 s of passive rest until task failure. The exercise was performed on separate days in normoxia (SL; simulated altitude/end-exercise arterial oxygen saturation = 0 m/~ 96%), moderate (MH; 2200 m/~ 90%) and severe (SH; 4200 m/~ 79%) hypoxia in a cross-over design. Neuromuscular tests, including brief (5 s) and sustained (30 s) maximal isometric voluntary contractions of the knee extensors, were performed at baseline and exhaustion. RESULTS: Exercise capacity decreased with hypoxia severity (23 ± 9, 16 ± 6 and 9 ± 3 cycle efforts in SL, MH and SH, respectively; P < 0.001; η2 = 0.72). Both cerebral (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.86) and muscle (P < 0.01; η2 = 0.54) oxygenation decreased throughout the exercise, independent of condition (P ≥ 0.45; η2 ≥ 0.14). Compared to SL, muscle oxygenation was globally lower in MH and SH (P = 0.011; η2 = 0.36). Cardiovascular solicitation neared maximal values at exhaustion in all conditions. Peak twitch amplitude with single and paired electrical stimuli (P < 0.001; η2 ≥ 0.87), maximal torque (P < 0.001; η2 ≥ 0.48) and voluntary activation measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (P ≤ 0.034; η2 ≥ 0.31) during brief and sustained MVCs were all reduced at exhaustion, independent of condition (P ≥ 0.196; η2 ≥ 0.15). CONCLUSION: Despite reduced exercise capacity with increasing severity of hypoxia during exhaustive intermittent cycling, neuromuscular fatigue characteristics were not different at task failure and cardiovascular solicitation neared maximum values.
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