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  • Title: Functional Evaluation and Genetic Evolution of Human T-Cell Responses After Vaccination With a Conditionally Replication-Defective Cytomegalovirus Vaccine.
    Author: Cox KS, Zhang L, Freed DC, Tang A, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Wang IM, Rupp RE, Adler SP, Musey LK, Wang D, Vora KA, Fu TM.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 2021 Jun 04; 223(11):2001-2012. PubMed ID: 33031517.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause congenital infection and is the leading cause of nongenetic newborn disabilities. V160, a conditionally replication-defective virus, is an investigational vaccine under evaluation for prevention of congenital CMV. The vaccine was well tolerated and induced both humoral and cellular immunity in CMV-seronegative trial participants. T-cell-mediated immunity is important for immune control of CMV. Here we describe efforts to understand the quality attributes of the T-cell responses induced by vaccination. METHODS: Using multicolor flow cytometry, we analyzed vaccine-induced T cells for memory phenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine profiles, and cytolytic potential. Moreover, antigen-specific T cells were sorted from 4 participants, and next-generation sequencing was used to trace clonal lineage development during the course of vaccination using T-cell receptor β-chain sequences as identifiers. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that vaccination elicited polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells to 2 dominant antigens, pp65 and IE1, with a predominantly effector phenotype. Analysis of T-cell receptor repertoires showed polyclonal expansion of pp65- and IE1-specific T cells after vaccination. CONCLUSION: V160 induced a genetically diverse and polyfunctional T-cell response and the data support further clinical development of V160 for prevention of CMV infection and congenital transmission. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01986010.
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