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  • Title: Relationship of Topographic Distribution of Geographic Atrophy to Visual Acuity in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
    Author: Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Young BK, Park MM, Toth CA, Lad EM, Del Priore LV.
    Journal: Ophthalmol Retina; 2021 Aug; 5(8):761-774. PubMed ID: 33212271.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To investigate the topographic distribution of geographic atrophy (GA) and to identify an anatomic endpoint that correlates with visual acuity (VA) in eyes with GA. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study participants with GA secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: We manually delineated GA on 1654 fundus photographs of 365 eyes. We measured GA areas in 9 subfields on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid and correlated them with VA via a mixed-effects model. We determined the optimal diameter for the central zone by varying the diameter from 0 to 10 mm until the highest r2 between GA area in the central zone and VA was achieved. We estimated the VA decline rate over 8 years using a linear mixed model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Geographic atrophy area in macular subfields and VA. RESULTS: The percentage of area affected by GA declined as a function of retinal eccentricity. GA area was higher in the temporal than the nasal region (1.30 ± 1.75 mm2 vs. 1.10 ± 1.62 mm2; P = 0.005) and in the superior than the inferior region (1.26 ± 1.73 mm2 vs. 1.03 ± 1.53 mm2; P < 0.001). Total GA area correlated poorly with VA (r2 = 0.07). Among GA areas in 9 subfields, only GA area in the central zone was associated independently with VA (P < 0.001). We determined 1 mm as the optimal diameter for the central zone in which GA area correlated best with VA (r2 = 0.45). On average, full GA coverage of the central 1-mm diameter zone corresponded to 34.8 letters' decline in VA. The VA decline rate was comparable between eyes with initial noncentral and central GA before GA covered the entire central 1-mm diameter zone (2.7 letters/year vs. 2.8 letters/year; P = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GA varies significantly across different macular regions. Although total GA area was associated poorly with VA, GA area in the central 1-mm diameter zone was correlated significantly with VA and may serve as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials.
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