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  • Title: Acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide profenofos, pyrethroid pesticide λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth and oxidative stress enzymes in benthic oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex.
    Author: Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya R, Chatterjee S, Saha NC.
    Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol; 2021 Apr; 242():108943. PubMed ID: 33220514.
    Abstract:
    The present study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide, profenofos; synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide, azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth rate and oxidative stress biomarkers in Tubifex tubifex in vivo. The results showed that 96 h LC50 value of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin to Tubifex tubifex are 0.59, 0.13 and 82.15 mg L-1 respectively. Pesticide treated worms showed several behavioral abnormalities including increased mucus secretion, erratic movements, wrinkling activity and decreased clumping tendency during acute exposure. The percentage of autotomy increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of the pesticides at 96 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of profenofos (0.059 and 0.118 mg L-1), λ cyhalothrin (0.013 and 0.026 mg L-1) and azadirachtin (8.2 and 16.4 mg L-1) caused significant alterations in growth rate and oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex during 14 days exposure period. The growth rate of the pesticide exposed worms decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) demonstrated a noteworthy (p < 0.05) initial induction followed by a subsequent reduction, while catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited noteworthy induction (p < 0.05) all through the exposure time. Through principal component analysis, correlation matrix, and integrated biomarker response, the effects of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin on T. tubifex were distinguished. These results indicate that exposure to profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin affect survivability, change the behavioral responses, reduce the growth rate and induce oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex.
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