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  • Title: [Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People's Republic of China in 2019].
    Author: Zhang LJ, Xu ZM, Dang H, Li YL, Lü S, Xu J, Li SZ, Zhou XN.
    Journal: Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi; 2020 Nov 19; 32(6):551-558. PubMed ID: 33325187.
    Abstract:
    This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China at a national level in 2019, and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and 455 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, Sichuan Province achieved transmission interruption, Jiangsu newly achieved the standard of transmission interruption and 5 provinces of Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan maintained transmission control by the end of 2019. There were 450 endemic counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, including 28 500 endemic villages covering 70 667 800 people at risk of infections. Among the 450 endemic counties (citis, districts), 66.89% (301/450), 28.44% (128/450) and 4.67% (21/450) kept the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. By the end of 2019, a total of 30 170 advanced schistosomiasis cases were documented in China. In 2019, a total of 12 090 712 individuals received inquiry examinations and 1 740 764 were positive; 5 158 369 individuals received serological tests and 89 753 were seropositive. A total of 327 475 individuals received stool examinations and 5 were positive, including one case of acute schistosomiasis. In 2019, snail survey was performed in 19 726 endemic villages in China and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 322 villages, accounting for 37.12% of all surveyed villages, with 6 villages with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey covered an area of 585 286.24 hm2 and 174 270.42 hm2 snail habitats were found, including emerging snail habitats of 64.20 hm2; however, no infected snails were identified. In 2019, a total of 605 965 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China, and 183 313 received serological examinations, with 1 176 positives detected, while 134 978 bovines received stool examinations, with 7 positives identified. In 2019, there were 28 557 patients with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was given to 1 008 083 person-times; there were 7 bovines with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 296 053 herd-times expanded chemotherapy was given to bovines. In 2019, snail habitats at an area of 128 754.26 hm2 were given chemical treatment, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 69 605.55 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 2 847.00 hm2. Data from the 455 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean Schistosoma japonicum infection rates were both zero in humans and bovines in 2019, and no infected snails were found. The results demonstrate that the overall endemic situation of schistosomiasis remains at a lower infection level in China; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. To achieve the target set in the National Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control and consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control, precision control on schistosomiasis still needs to be reinforced in China. ［摘要］ 本文通报了2019年全国血吸虫病疫情, 并对全国血吸虫 病预防控制工作数据和455个国家血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据 进行了汇总和分析。截至2019年底, 全国12个血吸虫病流行省 (直辖市、自治区) 中, 上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省 (直辖 市、自治区) 继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果, 四川省维持传播阻断标 准, 江苏省新达到传播阻断标准, 云南、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等5 个省维持传播控制标准。全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县 (市、 区), 28 500个流行村, 流行村总人口7 066.78万人。全国450个 流行县 (市、区) 中, 301 个 (66.89%) 达到消除标准, 128 个 (28.44%) 达到传播阻断标准, 21个 (4.67%) 达到传播控制标准。 2019年全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者30 170例。2019年全国共开 展询检查病12 090 712 人, 阳性1 740 764 人; 开展血检查病 5 158 369 人, 阳性89 753 人; 开展病原学检查327 475 人, 阳 性5人, 其中急性血吸虫病病例1例。2019年全国共有19 726 个 流行村开展了钉螺分布调查, 7 322个村查出钉螺, 占调查总数的 37.12%, 新查出6个有螺村; 共查螺585 286.24 hm2, 查出有螺面积 174 270.42 hm2, 其中新发现有螺面积64.20 hm2, 未发现感染性钉 螺。2019年我国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛605 965头, 血检 查病183 313头, 阳性1 176 头; 开展粪检查病134 978 头, 阳性 7头。2019年全国共治疗血吸虫病患者28 557例, 扩大化疗1 008 083人·次; 治疗病牛7 头, 扩大化疗耕牛296 053 头·次; 开展药物灭螺总面积128 754.26 hm2, 实际药物灭螺69 605.55 hm2, 环境改造灭螺2 847.00 hm2。2019年全国455 个国家血吸虫病监测点中, 居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率均为0, 未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示, 全国血吸虫病 疫情总体保持低感染状态, 但血吸虫病传播风险依然存在; 为实现《“十三五”全国血吸虫病防治规划》目标、巩固血吸虫 病防治成果, 仍需加强血吸虫病精准防控。.
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