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  • Title: Phenomenology of panic attacks: a descriptive study of panic disorder patients' self-reports.
    Author: Aronson TA, Logue CM.
    Journal: J Clin Psychiatry; 1988 Jan; 49(1):8-13. PubMed ID: 3335492.
    Abstract:
    The phenomenology of panic disorder and panic attacks was systematically assessed in 46 consecutive patients. The results suggest that DSM-III criteria include several symptoms that are not frequently present during a panic attack and that DSM-III's characterization of a panic attack is imprecise and misleading. Panic attacks were found to vary in intensity, frequency, spontaneity, and associated symptoms. A panic attack typically presents as a unified symptom complex of psychic anxiety and multiple somatic symptoms in multiple body systems. It occurs in a crescendolike pattern, is self-limited, and often leaves the subject weak or shaken. The temporal course as much as the symptomatic presentation defines a panic attack.
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