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  • Title: INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS AMONG RESIDENTS OF SMALL RADIONUCLIDE-CONTAMINATED CHORNOBYL DISTRICTS IN A POST-ACCIDENT PERIOD.
    Author: Prysyazhnyuk AY, Fuzik MM, Gudzenko NA, Bazyka DA, Fedorenko ZP, Ryzhov AY, Soumkina OV, Trotsyuk NK, Khukhrianska OM, Danevych SA.
    Journal: Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol; 2020 Dec; 25():265-284. PubMed ID: 33361840.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of risks of development of malignant neoplasms among the residents of smallChornobyl districts («rayons») in connection with low-dose radiation exposure and its dynamic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included residents of Borodianka, Ivankiv and Poliske districts ofKyiv region («oblast») and Luhyny, Narodychi and Ovruch districts of Zhytomyr region, 175,100 inhabitants in2017. The study period was 1980-2017. All cancers incidence rates as well as rates of potentially radiation-associated sites (breast, thyroid, hematopoietic and lymphoid systems) were calculated and analysed. Methods of variation statistics, descriptive and analytical epidemiology were used. RESULTS: The impact of ionizing radiation on population of the most radionuclide-contaminated districts raisesconcerns of the potential threat of adverse cancer effects, especially thyroid cancer. The average total whole-bodyeffective radiation doses received due to cesium during long time (1986-2005) among residents of the study districts (7.6-45.8 mSv) exceeded that in Zhytomyr (5.9 mSv), Kyiv (4.9 mSv) regions and Ukraine as a whole (2.48mSv), but also in other districts in the North Ukraine. The average doses of internal radiation absorbed by the thyroid gland (161-1559 mGy) among the most vulnerable population - children and adolescents (aged 0-18 yearsat the time of the accident) of these areas, and obtained in the short post-accident period, significantly exceedthat in Zhytomyr (87 mGy), Kyiv (81 mGy) regions and Ukraine as a whole (19 mGy). Irradiation rates of adult residents of these territories were lower, but significantly exceeded the average doses received by the population ofUkraine and large administrative units. Overall cancer incidence in the 6 districts during pre- and post-accidentperiods was lower comparing to Ukraine's and Kyiv region's rates, and did not significantly differ from Zhytomyrregion's rates. At the same time, the incidence rates of thyroid cancer significantly exceeded that of the pre-accident period as well as Zhytomyr region's rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate needs for further monitoring of malignant neoplasms not only inthe population of Ukraine as a whole and its large administrative-territorial units, but also among residents of particular areas, given the likelihood of the realization of the risks of radiation-associated diseases in the distantpost-accident period in accordance with local environmental conditions. Meta: otsinyty riven' ta dynamiku realizatsiï ryzykiv vynyknennia zloiakisnykh novoutvoren' u meshkantsiv malykh terytorial'nykh odynyts' Chornobyl's'koï zony u zv’iazku z ekspozytsiieiu do nyz'kykh doz radiatsiĭnogo oprominennia.Materialy ta metody. Doslidzhuvana populiatsiĭna grupa – naselennia Borodians'kogo, Ivankivs'kogo, Polis'kogoraĭoniv Kyïvs'koï oblasti, Lugyns'kogo, Narodyts'kogo ta Ovruts'kogo raĭoniv Zhytomyrs'koï oblasti. Vs'ogo –175,1 tys. meshkantsiv u 2017 r. Period sposterezhennia – 1980–2017 rr. Doslidzhuvalas' zakhvoriuvanist' na vsiformy zloiakisnykh novoutvoren' ta ïkh okremi nozologichni formy, vynyknennia iakykh mozhe buty radiatsiĭnoasotsiĭovanym (rak shchytopodibnoï zalozy, rak molochnoï zalozy, novoutvorennia krovotvornoï ta limfoïdnoï system). Vykorystovuvalys' metody variatsiĭnoï statystyky, deskryptyvnoï ta analitychnoï epidemiologiï.Rezul'taty. Vplyv ionizuiuchogo vyprominiuvannia na naselennia naĭbil'sh zabrudnenykh radionuklidamy raĭonivzumovliuie pytannia shchodo potentsiĭnoï zagrozy vynyknennia negatyvnykh onkologichnykh efektiv, osoblyvo raku shchytopodibnoï zalozy. Seredni sumarni efektyvni dozy oprominennia vs'ogo tila za rakhunok radiotseziiu vprodovzhtryvalogo chasu (1986–2005 rr.) u meshkantsiv raĭoniv (7,6–45,8 mZv) perevyshchuiut' rivni serednikh po Zhytomyrs'kiĭ (5,9 mZv), Kyïvs'kiĭ (4,9 mZv) oblastiakh i po Ukraïni v tsilomu (2,48 mZv) ta u meshkantsiv inshykh raĭonivPivnochi kraïny. Seredni poglynuti shchytopodibnoiu zalozoiu dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia (161–1559 mGr)naĭbil'sh vrazlyvoï grupy naselennia – diteĭ ta pidlitkiv (0–18 rokiv na moment avariï) tsykh raĭoniv, otrymani zakorotkyĭ pisliaavariĭnyĭ period, znachno perevyshchuiut' pokaznyky Zhytomyrs'koï (87 mGr), Kyïvs'koï (81 mGr) oblasteĭ ta Ukraïny v tsilomu (19 mGr). Pokaznyky oprominennia doroslykh meshkantsiv tsykh terytoriĭ buly nyzhchymy,ale znachno perevyshchuvaly seredni dozy, otrymani naselenniam Ukraïny i velykykh terytorial'nykh odynyts'. Zakhvoriuvanist' na vsi formy zloiakisnykh novoutvoren' naselennia 6 raĭoniv vprodovzh pered- ta pisliaavariĭnogoperiodu v tsilomu bula nyzhche natsional'nogo rivnia i pokaznykiv Kyïvs'koï oblasti ta istotno ne vidriznialas' vidpokaznykiv Zhytomyrs'koï oblasti. Razom z tym chastota raku shchytopodibnoï zalozy istotno perevyshchyla pokaznyky doavariĭnogo periodu i Zhytomyrs'koï oblasti.Vysnovky. Otrymani rezul'taty svidchat' pro neobkhidnist' podal'shogo monitoryngu zloiakisnykh novoutvoren' unaselennia ne til'ky Ukraïny v tsilomu ta ïï krupnykh administratyvno-terytorial'nykh odynyts', ale ĭ sered meshkantsiv okremykh raĭoniv, vrakhovuiuchy ĭmovirnist' realizatsiï ryzykiv vynyknennia radiatsiĭno-asotsiĭovanykh zakhvoriuvan' u viddalenyĭ pisliaavariĭnyĭ period vidpovidno do mistsevykh ekologichnykh umov.
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