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  • Title: Malnutrition and Its Association with Dental Caries in the Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Author: Singh A, Purohit BM.
    Journal: Pediatr Dent; 2020 Nov 15; 42(6):418-426. PubMed ID: 33369551.
    Abstract:
    Purpose: This study evaluated the evidence for associations between malnutrition and dental caries among children and adolescents in primary and permanent dentition. Methods: A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies comparing malnourishment and dental caries among children and adolescents. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Participants included well-nourished and malnourished children and adolescents ranging in age from six months to 19 years. The primary out-come was the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition and early childhood caries (ECC) for children younger than six years. Quality was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool. Random-effects model was used to assess the odds ratio of the association between malnutrition and dental caries. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 1,851 and 1,395 malnourished and well-nourished children available for analysis. Analysis of the longitudinal studies indicated that malnourished children were associated with a higher presence of caries (odds ratio equals 2.69, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] equals 2.05 to 3.53, P<0.001). Malnourished children were associated with a higher presence of dental caries in permanent dentition (odds ratio equals 3.56, 95 percent CI equals 2.21 to 5.74, P<0.001). Conclusion: Meta-analysis suggests that malnutrition is associated with dental caries in permanent dentition. However, no such association was observed between malnutrition with dental and ECC in the primary dentition.
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