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  • Title: Gd-DOTA: characterization of a new paramagnetic complex.
    Author: Bousquet JC, Saini S, Stark DD, Hahn PF, Nigam M, Wittenberg J, Ferrucci JT.
    Journal: Radiology; 1988 Mar; 166(3):693-8. PubMed ID: 3340763.
    Abstract:
    The relaxivity, biodistribution, and toxicity of the gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) complex were evaluated. This cyclic complex has much greater in vitro stability (10(28)) than similar noncyclic complexes such as gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (10(23)) or gadolinium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Gd-EDTA) (10(17)). The T1 relaxivity of Gd-DOTA (meglumine salt) determined in saline and in liver tissue at 20 MHz was similar to the relaxivity of Gd-DTPA. Tissue proton relaxation enhancement (PRE) correlated closely with chemical measurement of tissue gadolinium concentration. In rats, the biodistribution of Gd-DOTA was similar to Gd-DTPA with a distribution half-life of 3 minutes and an elimination half-life of 18 minutes. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice of Gd-DOTA was 93% higher than that of Gd-DTPA; the calculated safety factor (ratio of LD50 to effective dose) was 53 for Gd-DOTA and 28 for Gd-DTPA. The data suggest that in vitro stability correlates with in vivo safety.
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