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  • Title: Analysis of the factors that influence the C=N stretching frequency of polyene Schiff bases. Implications for bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin.
    Author: Gilson HS, Honig BH, Croteau A, Zarrilli G, Nakanishi K.
    Journal: Biophys J; 1988 Feb; 53(2):261-9. PubMed ID: 3345334.
    Abstract:
    In this study quantum mechanical calculations of force constants and normal mode analysis are used to elucidate the factors that influence the C=C and C=N stretching frequencies in polyenes and in protonated Schiff bases. The C=N stretching frequency is found to depend on both the C=N stretching force constant and the C=N-H bending force constant. Due to the contributions of these two modes, the C=N stretching frequency is particularly sensitive to the magnitude of the Schiff base counterion interactions and to the hydrogen bonding environment of the Schiff base nitrogen. Models for chromophore-protein interactions in the retinal binding site and for the photochemical transformations of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin are evaluated in light of these results.
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