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  • Title: [THE INFLUENCE OF THE VIENNA SCHOOL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY ON THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN OPHTHALMOLOGY IN CROATIA].
    Author: Ivanišević M.
    Journal: Acta Med Hist Adriat; 2021 Jan 20; 18(2):337-354. PubMed ID: 33535766.
    Abstract:
    The founder of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was Prof. Dr. Georg Joseph Beer, who founded the First University Eye Clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1812. Prof. Ferdinand von Arlt led it for 27 years from 1856 to 1883. As the First Eye Clinic became too small, the Second University Eye Clinic was founded in 1883 at the same hospital in Vienna. Since 1885 it had been led for 30 years by Prof. Ernst Fuchs. Many well-known ophthalmologists were leading those Viennese eye clinics. However, Arlt and Fuchs were the main representatives of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology, which was always characterised by the high standards in the diagnosis and therapy of eye diseases. Many Croatian ophthalmologists were educated by them or their students, and later they established eye departments in the major cities in Croatia and transmitted acquired knowledge and experience. The first eye departments in Croatia were formed at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The First University Eye Clinic in Croatia started to work in Zagreb in 1923. Our ophthalmologists transmitted the organisation of the clinics as they existed in Vienna, and that was the matrix form of all European clinics at that time. Therefore, the tradition of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was passed on to the next generations. The paper also gives short biographies of Viennese and Croatian ophthalmologists and their mutual relations in education and work. Začetnik Bečke oftalmološke škole bio je prof. dr. Georg Joseph Beer koji je 1812. u Beču u Općoj bolnici osnovao Prvu sveučilišnu očnu kliniku u svijetu. Prof. Ferdinand von Arlt vodio ju je 27 godina, od 1856. do 1883. Budući da je prva očna klinika postala pretijesna, u istoj je bolnici u Beču 1883. osnovana Druga sveučilišna očna klinika. Od 1885. trideset ju je godina vodio prof. Ernst Fuchs. Mnogi su poznati oftalmolozi još vodili te dvije bečke očne klinike, ali Arlt i Fuchs su bili glavni predstavnici Bečke oftalmološke škole koja se uvijek odlikovala visokim mjerilima u dijagnostici i liječenju očnih bolesti. Mnogi hrvatski oftalmolozi educirali su se kod njih ili kod njihovih učenika te osnivali očne odjele u većim gradovima u Hrvatskoj prenoseći stečeno znanje i iskustvo. Prvi očni odjeli u Hrvatskoj osnovani su na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Prva sveučilišna očna klinika u Hrvatskoj započela je s radom u Zagrebu 1923. Naši oftalmolozi prenijeli su organizaciju klinika kakve su postojale u Beču, i to je bio tadašnji obrazac svih europskih klinika. Tradiciju Bečke oftalmološke škole prenosili su dalje, sljedećim generacijama. U radu su dane i kratke biografije bečkih i hrvatskih oftalmologa i njihovi međusobni odnosi u edukaciji i radu.
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