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  • Title: High cellulolytic potential of the Ktedonobacteria lineage revealed by genome-wide analysis of CAZymes.
    Author: Zheng Y, Maruoka M, Nanatani K, Hidaka M, Abe N, Kaneko J, Sakai Y, Abe K, Yokota A, Yabe S.
    Journal: J Biosci Bioeng; 2021 Jun; 131(6):622-630. PubMed ID: 33676867.
    Abstract:
    Traditionally, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes are well-known cellulolytic microorganisms that have been utilized in the commercial production of cellulase enzyme cocktails for industrial-scale degradation of plant biomass. Noticeably, the Ktedonobacteria lineage (phylum Chloroflexi) with actinomycetes-like morphology was identified and exhibited diverse carbohydrate utilization or degradation abilities. In this study, we performed genome-wide profiling of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the filamentous Ktedonobacteria lineage. Numerous CAZymes (153-290 CAZymes, representing 63-131 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) per genome), including complex mixtures of endo- and exo-cellulases, were predicted in 15 available Ktedonobacteria genomes. Of note, 4-28 CAZymes were predicted to be extracellular enzymes, whereas 3-29 CAZymes were appended with carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that may promote their binding to insoluble carbohydrate substrates. This number far exceeded other Chloroflexi lineages and were comparable to the cellulolytic actinomycetes. Six multi-modular extracellular GHs were cloned from the thermophilic Thermosporothrix hazakensis SK20-1T strain and heterologously expressed. The putative endo-glucanases of ThazG5-1, ThazG9, and ThazG12 exhibited strong cellulolytic activity, whereas the putative exo-glucanases ThazG6 and ThazG48 formed weak but observable halos on carboxymethyl cellulose plates, indicating their potential biotechnological application. The purified recombinant ThazG12 had near-neutral pH (optimal 6.0), high thermostability (60°C), and broad specificity against soluble and insoluble polysaccharide substrates. It also represented described a novel thermostable bacterial β-1,4-glucanase in the GH12 family. Together, this research revealed the underestimated cellulolytic potential of the Ktedonobacteria lineage and highlighted its potential biotechnological utility as a promising microbial resource for the discovery of industrially useful cellulases.
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