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  • Title: [Immunologic in vivo and in vitro studies on Echinacea extracts].
    Author: Bauer VR, Jurcic K, Puhlmann J, Wagner H.
    Journal: Arzneimittelforschung; 1988 Feb; 38(2):276-81. PubMed ID: 3370076.
    Abstract:
    Ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia roots were examined for immunological activity in the carbon clearance test with mice and in the granulocyte test. In the in vivo experiment all extracts, administered orally, were found to enhance phagocytosis significantly. These results correlate with the stimulation of phagocytosis in the in vitro granulocyte test. The lipophilic fractions of the extracts appeared to be more active than the polar fractions. All extracts were analyzed by HPLC in order to correlate the chemical constituents with the immunological activities.
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