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  • Title: The spectrum of rheumatic mitral valve regurgitation presenting to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, over a 10-year period.
    Author: Zwane NL, Ponnusamy S, Naidoo DP.
    Journal: Cardiovasc J Afr; ; 32(2):62-69. PubMed ID: 33729272.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that there is a change in the profile of rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR) in South Africa to a pattern of chronic fibrotic valvular disease. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the clinical profile of patients with rheumatic MR in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients seven years and older with moderate to severe rheumatic MR referred to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital from 2006 to 2015. RESULTS: There were 320 patients meeting the study criteria (mean age 22.2 ± 15.8 years, male:female 1:2). Severe dyspnoea was present in 45.9% of patients, heart failure in 117 (36.6%) and atrial fibrillation in 13.8%. Three patients were diagnosed with active carditis at initial presentation and a further 31 had evidence of carditis during follow up. Of the 216 patients who underwent surgery, over one-third (37%) had prolapse of the anterior mitral leaflet, which was due to chordal elongation (n = 63, 29.2%) and/or ruptured chordae (n = 41, 19%). There were 32 deaths (10%) and of these, 27 (8.4%) patients died prior to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic MR in KZN predominantly affects the young, with concomitant carditis resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates.
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