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  • Title: An investigation of a Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in elite canoe slalom: Establishing measurement properties to make practice recommendations.
    Author: Powell A, Williamson S, McCaig S, Heneghan NR, Horsley I.
    Journal: Phys Ther Sport; 2021 Jul; 50():15-21. PubMed ID: 33857813.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score (KJOC) in elite Canoe Slalom athletes and determine its ability to predict future shoulder pain. DESIGN: Observational study with embedded test-retest reliability study. SETTING: British Canoe Slalom National Training Centre. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen athletes from the British Canoe Slalom team for the 2019 season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The KJOC was completed at the start of winter training and start of the 2019 competitive season. Current, historical (6-months pre-questionnaire) and prospective (4-months post-questionnaire) shoulder injuries were recorded. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was found to be excellent (ICC3,1 = 0.97), with a minimal detectable change (MDC95%) of 6.7. Compared to uninjured athletes, currently injured and historically injured athletes scored significantly lower (p = 0.002 and p = 0.011, respectively), with the difference between means > MDC95%. A cut-off of 88 was found to be predictive of shoulder pain (AUC: 0.779; sensitivity: 0.60; specificity: 0.95; positive likelihood ratio: 11.4). CONCLUSION: The KJOC demonstrated excellent reliability and can distinguish between athletes with and without current or historical shoulder pain. A KJOC score of <88 was associated with increased risk of shoulder pain. The KJOC should be completed as part of a risk profile for shoulder pain.
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