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  • Title: [Significance of the intact of the fascia propria in protection of pelvic plexus during total mesorectal excision].
    Author: Chi P, Wang XJ.
    Journal: Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2021 Apr 25; 24(4):297-300. PubMed ID: 33878817.
    Abstract:
    Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard of surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer. It aims to improve the oncological outcomes as well as preserve anal sphincter, sexual and urinary function. Compared with sympathetic nerve injury alone, pelvic plexus and neurovascular bundle (NVB) injury has significant effect on postoperative sexual dysfunction, especially erectile function. Since the lateral surgical plane of TME is narrow and densely packed, dissecting outside the plane causes pelvic plexus injury, while dissecting inside it results in residual mesorectum. In this commentary, we review the research progress of lateral fascial anatomy of TME, and describe the anatomical characteristics of rectosacral fascia based on our previous research results. The prehypogastric fascia acts as a "fascia barrier" when dissecting the lateral space constantly from posterior to anterior. In addition, the pelvic plexus fuses with the prehypogastric fascia which is considered as the outer side layer of rectosacral fascia laterally. Thus, the rectosacral fascia should be dissected at the level of S4 vertebral body posterior to the rectum in an arc shape and then enter the superior-levator space. Before dissecting the lateral spaces, the anterior space of the rectum should be dissected first. After an "U" shape cutting of the Denonvilliers' fascia, the lateral space should be dissected from anterior to posterior. Finally, the lateral attachment of rectosacral fascia is transected to ensure the integrity of the mesorectum without damaging the pelvic plexus. 全直肠系膜切除术（TME）是治疗中下段直肠癌的标准术式，其要求在保证肿瘤根治前提下，尽可能保留肛门括约肌，性功能和排尿功能。与单纯交感神经成分损伤相比，盆丛和神经血管束（NVB）损伤对患者术后性功能障碍，特别是男性勃起功能的影响更为明显。由于腹膜反折以下直肠两侧间隙狭窄致密，难以分离，手术层面偏外容易损伤盆丛及其分支，偏内则进入直肠系膜内，因此直肠侧壁的游离一直被认为是TME的难点。本文对腹膜反折下直肠两侧间隙的膜解剖研究进展进行复习，并基于本中心研究结果，对直肠骶骨筋膜的研究进展进行论述，以期为术中盆丛神经的保护提供参考。直肠骶骨筋膜是直肠侧间隙分离时的刚性筋膜屏障，"腹下神经前筋膜-邓氏筋膜前叶移行区"与盆丛主体相互融合，需进行保留。因此，直肠侧间隙分离应首先分离直肠后方间隙，再分离直肠前方间隙，横断邓氏筋膜前叶后，即很容易找到直肠前侧方间隙，从上到下最后切断侧方的直肠骶骨筋膜，以此导向将整个侧方间隙完全分离至盆底。.
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