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Title: [Modified posteromedial approach via lateral side of flexor hallucis longus for the treatment of posterior Pilon fracture].
Author: Lai ZB, Zhu YZ, Zou YX, Zhang HN, Li X, Zhong DG, Yang KY, Lai JH, Shen GD.
Journal: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2021 Apr 20; 101(15):1077-1082. PubMed ID: 33878835.
Abstract:
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and the level of muscle and soft tissue damage between modified posteromedial approach via lateral side of flexor hallucis longus and modified posteromedial approach in the treatment of posterior Pilon fracture. Methods: Total of 43 patients (27 males and 16 females, aged from 19 to 71 years) diagnosed with posterior Pilon fracture from June 2016 to June 2018 in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into observation group (modified posteromedial approach via lateral side of flexor hallucis longus, 21 cases) and control group (modified posteromedial approach, 22 cases) according to the operation approach. The preoperative waiting time, intraoperative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time and the complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The differences of blood creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Myo) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at different time points before and after operation were compared between the two groups to elevate the level of muscle and soft tissue damage. The fracture reduction qualities of the two groups were compared by Burwell-Charnley criteria. The differences of fracture healing time, range of motion of metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe (MTP-ROM), ankle range of motion (Ankle-ROM), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of pain were compared between the two groups at the last follow-up. Results: The observation group and the control group were followed-up for (19±6) months and (16±8) months, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in preoperative waiting time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time and fracture healing time between the two groups (all P>0.05). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the MTP-ROM and Ankle-ROM between the two groups (both P>0.05); the AOFAS score of the observation group was 88.2±7.8 and it was 84.5±7.6 in the control group (P>0.05); the VAS score of the observation group was (0.9±1.0) and it was (1.3±0.8) in the control group(P>0.05). Anatomical reduction rate in observation group was higher than that in control group (90.5% vs 81.8%, P>0.05). The operation time in the observation group was (87±16) min and it was (98±11) min in the control group (P<0.05). CK, Myo and CRP were increased in both groups after surgery, but there was no statistical significance between groups at the same time point (all P>0.05). There was no nerve injury in the observation group, while 2 cases (9.0%) of nerve paralysis occurred in the control group. No incision infection and checkrein deformity of the Hallux was found in the two groups. Conclusion: The modified posteromedial approach via lateral side of flexor hallucis longus can obtain good operative field exposure, and does not increase muscle and soft tissue injury, with shorter operative time and fewer complications, without nerve injury and checkrein deformity, it is a safe approach for the treatment of posterior Pilon fracture. 目的： 比较改良后内侧经踇长屈肌外侧入路与改良后内侧入路治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效以及对肌肉、软组织损伤的水平。 方法： 选取佛山市中医院2016年6月至2018年6月诊断为后Pilon骨折患者43例，男27例，女16例，年龄19~71岁，依手术方式将患者分为观察组（改良后内侧经踇长屈肌外侧入路）和对照组（改良后内侧入路），分别为21例和22例。比较两组术前等待时间、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间，记录相关并发症。比较两组手术前后不同时间节点血肌酸激酶（CK）、肌红蛋白（Myo）、C反应蛋白（CRP）的差异，以评估肌肉、软组织损伤水平。采用Burwell-Charnley影像学评价标准比较两组骨折复位情况，比较两组骨折愈合时间、末次随访时踇趾跖趾关节活动度（MTP-ROM）、踝关节的活动度（Ankle-ROM）、美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）踝-后足评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）的差异。 结果： 所有病例均获得随访，观察组随访（19±6）个月，对照组（16±8）个月，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术前等待时间、术中出血量、住院时间和骨折愈合时间比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。末次随访时，两组MTP-ROM和Ankle-ROM差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；观察组AOFAS评分为（88.2±7.8）分，对照组为（84.5±7.6）分，观察组VAS为（0.9±1.0）分，对照组为（1.3±0.8）分，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察组解剖复位率高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组手术时间低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后CK、Myo、CRP均较术前提高，但相同时间点组间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察组无神经损伤情况，对照组出现2例（9.0%）神经麻痹症状。两组无切口感染、踇趾挛缩等并发症。 结论： 改良后内侧经踇长屈肌外侧入路手术视野更好，时间更短，术后并发症更少，并不增加对肌肉、软组织的损伤水平，是治疗后Pilon骨折的一种安全入路。.

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