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  • Title: [Prediction and investigation of the potential risk factors for the upper mediastinal metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma].
    Author: Liu Y, Xu SY, Liu K, Wang XL, Liu SY, Xu ZG, Liu J.
    Journal: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi; 2021 Apr 23; 43(4):477-483. PubMed ID: 33902211.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To predict and investigate the potential risk factors for the upper mediastinal metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. The admission criteria were patients with untreated thyroid cancer diagnosed in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 2013 to December 2015, and positive lymph node (cN1, including cN1a and cN1b) was diagnosed by ultrasound. All patients underwent neck to thorax enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) examination preoperatively. All patients with suspected upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis experienced suspicious regional dissection, and those who had not undergone surgery and whose postoperative pathology was non-papillary thyroid carcinoma were excluded. Kaplan-Meier method was selected for survival analysis and all the factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results: Of the 248 patients, 54 were prompted by postoperative pathology for upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis, 86 cases were phase T1, 94 cases were phase T2, 17 cases were phase T3 and 51 cases were phase T4, 21 cases were N1a phase and 227cases were N1b phase. There was a statistically significant difference in the T-phase and N-phase between the upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis group and no upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis group(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that among the preoperative relevant factors, ultrasound tumor length> 2 cm, ultrasound tumor bilaterally, CT double neck lymph node metastasis, increased thyroglobulin (Tg), and increased anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATG) were all risk factors for upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05). Among the postoperative factors, bilateral tumor, double neck lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, esophagus or larynx, T3 staging, T4 staging, total number of metastatic lymph nodes>10, the number of metastatic lymph nodes in level Ⅵ>3 and >6, the proportion of metastatic lymph nodes in level Ⅵ>1/2, the number of metastatic lymph nodes in level Ⅳ> 5 and metastatic proportion >1/3 are risk factors for metastasis of upper mediastinal lymph node(all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that CT indicated double neck lymph node metastasis, increased Tg, increased ATG, the proportion of metastatic lymph nodes in level Ⅵ >1/2, and in level Ⅳ>1/3 are independent risk factors for upper mediastinum lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of the upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis group and the no upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis group were 92.3% and 94.8% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.307). Conclusions: For preoperative ultrasound considering the presence of lymph node metastases, enhanced neck to thorax CT should be performed routinely. When bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis is determined by CT, or endocrine tests suggest abnormally increased antibodies, attention should be paid to the upper mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis. In the course of neck dissection, if more lymph node metastases in level Ⅵ and level Ⅳ were detected, surgeons should be vigilant of the upper mediastinal metastasis. The prognosis of patients underwent complete mediastinal dissection is not significantly different from that of patients without mediastinal metastasis. 目的: 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者上纵隔淋巴结转移的危险因素。 方法: 选取2013年12月至2015年12月就诊于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院、超声诊断为临床淋巴结阳性(cN1,包括cN1a和cN1b)的248例初治甲状腺癌患者进行前瞻性队列研究。所有患者术前均行颈胸增强CT检查,对可疑上纵隔淋巴结转移的患者术中行可疑区域淋巴结清扫。依据术后病理结果将患者分为上纵隔淋巴结转移组和无上纵隔淋巴结转移组。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。 结果: 248例患者中,术后病理提示上纵隔淋巴结转移54例;术后病理分期为T1期86例,T2期94例,T3期17例,T4期51例;N1a期21例,N1b期227例,上纵隔淋巴结转移组与无上纵隔淋巴结转移组患者的T分期和N分期差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,术前影响因素中,超声肿瘤长径>2 cm、超声肿瘤双侧、CT双颈淋巴结转移、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)升高、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(ATG)升高均与上纵隔淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.05);术后相关影响因素中,肿瘤双侧、双颈淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵犯周围器官(喉返神经、气管、食管或喉)、T3分期、T4分期、总转移淋巴结数目>10枚、Ⅵ区转移淋巴结数目>3枚、Ⅵ区转移淋巴结数目>6枚、Ⅵ区转移淋巴结占总清扫淋巴结比例>1/2、Ⅳ区淋巴结转移数目>5枚、Ⅳ区转移淋巴结占总清扫淋巴结比例>1/3均与上纵隔淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,CT双颈淋巴结转移、Tg升高、ATG升高、Ⅵ区转移淋巴结占总清扫淋巴结比例>1/2、Ⅳ区转移淋巴结占总清扫淋巴结比例>1/3均为上纵隔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。上纵隔淋巴结转移组与无上纵隔淋巴结转移组患者的5年无复发生存率分别为92.3%和94.8%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.307)。 结论: 对于甲状腺乳头状癌术前超声检查考虑有淋巴结转移时,需常规行颈胸部增强CT检查。当CT示双颈淋巴结转移、甲状腺功能检查提示相关抗体异常升高时,需注意有无上纵隔淋巴结转移。行颈淋巴结清扫过程中,如发现颈Ⅵ区和Ⅳ区淋巴结转移较多时,需要警惕上纵隔淋巴结转移。达到完整清扫上纵隔淋巴结患者与无上纵隔淋巴结转移患者的预后无明显差异。.
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