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  • Title: [Characteristics at different frequencies of hearing loss in noise exposure workers of the automobile manufacturing industry].
    Author: Tang YX, Li YR, Duan CW, Hou SF, Wang JY, Liu YM.
    Journal: Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi; 2021 Apr 20; 39(4):266-269. PubMed ID: 33910285.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To analyze the effects of noise exposure on the hearing at different frequencies in workers from the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods: A total of 4723 noise workers in a large automobile manufacturing company in Guangzhou were chosen as the research object by using judgment sampling method between April and July, 2018, and carried out 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz pure tone audiometry threshold to analyze the characteristics of the status of hearing loss at different frequencies and its relationship with the noise exposure time. Results: The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers was 29.8% (1406/4723) . Among them, the binaural hearing loss was 21.2% (999/4723) , and single unilateral hearing loss accounted for 8.6% (407/4723) . The hearing loss detection rate of right ear was higher than that of the left ear (P<0.05) , especially in the 6.0 kHz (P<0.001) . The detection rate of increased speech frequency hearing threshold was 1.9% (90/4723) , and the detection rate of increased high-frequency hearing threshold was 28.9% (1366/4723) . The detection rate of increased threshold in both the left and the right ear increased with the increase of frequency (P<0.001) , the increased hearing threshold was the highest at the frequency of 6.0 kHz. The auditory threshold of left ear in 0.5 kHz were higher than that of right ear at the same frequency (P<0.05) . The detection rate of hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure time (P<0.001) , and the increased threshold of 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz from workers increased with the increase of noise exposure time (P<0.001) . Conclusion: There is a significant increased threshold in workers exposed to noise frequency of 6.0 kHz, right ear is more easily damaged than left ear, there is a dose-response relationship for the noise exposure time and high-frequency hearing loss. 目的： 分析噪声接触对汽车制造业工人不同频率听力的影响。 方法： 采用判断抽样方法，于2018年4至7月以广州市某大型汽车制造企业4 723名噪声作业工人为研究对象，并对其进行0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0和6.0 kHz的纯音听阈测试，分析不同频率听力损失特征及其与噪声作业工龄的关系。 结果： 噪声作业工人总体听力损失检出率为29.8%（1 406/4 723）；其中，双侧听力损失检出率为21.2%（999/4 723），单侧听力损失检出率为8.6%（407/4 723）。单侧听力损失中，右侧检出率高于左侧（P<0.05），尤其是6.0 kHz（P<0.001）；语频听阈提高检出率为1.9%（90/4 723），高频听阈提高检出率为28.9%（1 366/4 723）。左侧和右侧听阈提高的检出率均随频率的升高而增加（P<0.001），均以6.0 kHz听阈提高的检出率最高。左侧0.5 kHz的听阈高于右侧相同频率听阈（P<0.05）。作业工人听力损失检出率随噪声作业工龄的增加而增加（P<0.001），且3.0、4.0和6.0 kHz听阈提高的检出率均随噪声作业工龄的增加而增加（P<0.001）。 结论： 噪声作业工人听阈提高以6.0 kHz较为明显，右侧较左侧易受损，噪声作业工龄与高频段听力损失存在剂量-效应关系。.
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