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  • Title: [Recent advances in preoperative assessment of hepatic functional reserve for hepatectomy].
    Author: Lin WH, Li K.
    Journal: Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2021 May 01; 59(5):392-396. PubMed ID: 33915630.
    Abstract:
    Hepatectomy represents the first choice of treatment for primary and secondary liver malignancies.However,post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after liver resection.Inadequate remnant liver volume and function are the determining factors of PHLF.Therefore,preoperative assessment of hepatic functional reserve is of paramount importance for prevention of PHLF.There are two main conventional assessment systems of preoperative hepatic functional reserve.The first is remnant liver volume(RLV) and its derivative indicators such as residual liver volume ratio,standardized residual liver volume ratio,RLV/body weight,and RLV/body surface area,calculated by imaging-based methods such as CT,that assess whether the volume of residual liver meets the requirements of safe hepatectomy.However,RLV is not an appropriate indicator of functional liver remnant,since the function of liver within equal volume among different persons is unequal due to the underlying liver diseases.Functional imaging techniques,such as 99Tcm-GSA,99Tcm-IDA and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can simultaneously evaluate residual liver volume and function,leading to be a more appropriate indicator of functional liver remnant.The second is liver function tests,including serum biochemical parameters,clinical scoring systems and quantitative liver function tests.However,it can merely evaluate the overall liver function preoperatively,but not the residual one postoperatively.The residual liver function can be accurately measured by intraoperative indocyanine green clearance with the extrahepatic and intrahepatic blood flow of liver to be resected blocked.In addition,methods such as preoperative portal vein embolization and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,can be used for patients with a predicted inadequate RLV.Due to the unequal liver function within an equal volume increased by different methods,functional imaging techniques are more appropriate in predicting the increasing functional liver than traditional methods which just assess the increasing liver volume. 肝切除术是原发性及继发性肝脏恶性肿瘤的首选治疗方式，但肝切除术后肝功能衰竭（PHLF）的发生率仍然较高。术后余肝体积（RLV）和功能不足是PHLF发生的决定因素，因此，术前肝脏储备功能的准确评估对预防PHLF至关重要。CT等传统影像学方法预测RLV及其衍生指标（余肝比例、标准化余肝比例、RLV/体重、RLV/体表面积）是传统术前评估RLV是否满足安全肝切除术的重要方法。由于患者伴有不同程度基础肝病，导致相同体积肝脏的功能并不完全相同。因此，单纯以RLV作为评估肝脏储备功能的指标并不准确。99Tcm标记的半乳糖人血清白蛋白、99Tcm标记的亚氨基二乙酸及磁共振钆塞酸二钠等功能学显像技术能同时对RLV和余肝功能进行评估，较传统影像学方法更具优势。血清生化指标、临床评分系统、定量肝功能试验等各类肝功能评价方法亦是传统术前肝脏储备功能评估的重要方式，但其仅能评价术前肝脏的整体功能，不能对余肝功能进行预测。通过术中阻断待切肝脏血流和肝内血流后进行吲哚菁绿排泄试验，可实现对术后余肝功能的预测。此外，对于术前预估RLV过小的患者，可采用术前门静脉栓塞、联合肝脏分割和门静脉结扎的分阶段肝切除术等方式增加术后RLV。不同方法增长的单位体积的余肝功能并不相同，相比于将增长体积作为预测指标，能对余肝功能进行评估的功能学显像技术在预测增长后余肝功能方面的准确率更高。.
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