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  • Title: [Clinical effects of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with sensory nerves in repairing the plantar skin and soft tissue defects].
    Author: Zhou R, Ju JH, Tang LF, Liu SZ, Liu YF, Yang L, Hu CQ.
    Journal: Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi; 2021 May 20; 37(5):453-459. PubMed ID: 34044527.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To explore the clinical effects of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with sensory nerves in repairing the plantar skin and soft tissue defects. Methods: From January 2016 to March 2019, 13 male patients with plantar skin and soft tissue defects were admitted to the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery of Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, aged 27 to 73 years. The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The wounds of 4 patients underwent 2 times of debridement. The wounds of 9 patients underwent 1 time of debridement and 1 or 2 time(s) of vacuum sealing drainage. Then all the wounds of patients were repaired with flaps when the wounds were clean and dry with no purulent exudation and were negative in secretion culture. The wound areas of this group of patients after wound debridement were 13.0 cm×5.5 cm to 36.0 cm×10.5 cm, and the wounds were repaired with anterolateral thigh perforator flaps with sensory nerves with area of 14 cm×6 cm to 37 cm×11 cm. The wound of 1 patient was repaired with a bilobed flap. The oblique or descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its accompanying vein in the flap were anastomosed with the posterior tibial artery and its accompanying vein or the medial plantar artery and its accompanying vein in recipient sites. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the flap was anastomosed with the recipient saphenous nerve or medial plantar cutaneous nerve. The donor sites were directly sutured. The survival of flaps and the healing of wounds in the donor and recipient areas were recorded, and the ulcers of the plantar repaired flap were followed up for 3 months after operation. The sensory function of the flap was evaluated by the sensory evaluation standard of British Medical Research Council (BMRC), and the ankle and foot function score system of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) was used for comprehensive functional evaluation at the last follow-up. Results: All the 14 flaps in 13 cases survived, and venous crisis occurred in two cases and the flaps survived smoothly after the venous re-anastomosis. One patient developed deep tissue infection after being discharged and was healed after secondary debridement. The donor and recipient areas of the remaining patients healed well. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months, the shape of flaps was slightly bloated in 5 patients, and the shape and texture of flaps in the other 8 patients were good. Six patients had ulcers in flaps at 3 months of follow-up after operation, which were healed after stopping weight-bearing activities. At the last follow-up, little linear scar hyperplasia could be seen in the donor site of patients; the BMRC sensory function evaluation results were S1 grade in 4 cases, S2 grade in 7 cases, and S3 grade in 2 cases; the AOFAS scores were excellent in 3 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases, and poor in 1 case. Conclusions: The anterolateral thigh perforator flaps with sensory nerves can repair the plantar skin and soft tissue defects with the donor sites directly sutured and good shape of flaps, which provide a good treatment method for the recovery of plantar proprioceptive sensation and weight-bearing function. 目的： 探讨带感觉神经的股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足底皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。 方法： 2016年1月—2019年3月，苏州大学附属瑞华医院足踝外科收治13例足底皮肤软组织缺损男性患者，年龄27~73岁，对其行回顾性队列研究。4例患者创面经2次扩创，9例患者创面经1次清创+1次或2次负压封闭引流治疗，所有患者创面干燥清洁无脓性渗液、分泌物培养阴性后行皮瓣修复。本组患者扩创后创面面积为13.0 cm×5.5 cm~36.0 cm×10.5 cm，采用带感觉神经的股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复（切取面积为14 cm×6 cm~37 cm×11 cm），其中1例患者创面采用双叶皮瓣修复。皮瓣内旋股外侧动脉斜支或降支及其伴行静脉与受区胫后动脉及其伴行静脉或足底内侧动脉及其伴行静脉吻合，皮瓣内股外侧皮神经与受区隐神经或足底内侧皮神经吻合，供区均直接缝合。记录皮瓣成活情况，供受区伤口愈合情况，术后3个月随访时观察足底修复皮瓣溃疡发生情况。末次随访时采用英国医学研究会（BMRC）感觉功能评定标准评定皮瓣感觉，采用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统进行综合评价。 结果： 13例患者14个皮瓣全部成活，其中2例患者术后出现静脉危象，经重新吻合血管后，皮瓣顺利成活。1例患者出院后出现深部组织感染，二次手术扩创后愈合；其余患者供受区伤口均愈合。本组患者术后随访6~18个月，5例患者皮瓣外形稍臃肿，其余8例患者皮瓣外形及质地较好。6例患者在术后3个月随访时皮瓣有溃疡发生，免负重活动后，自行愈合。末次随访时，本组患者供区可见少许线性瘢痕增生，BMRC感觉评定为S1级4例、S2级7例、S3级2例，AOFAS评分优3例、良7例、可2例、差1例。 结论： 带感觉神经的股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足底皮肤软组织缺损，供区可直接缝合，皮瓣外形良好，为足底本体感觉与负重功能的恢复提供了较佳的治疗方法。.
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